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| drug lasix prescription lasix phentermine salem lasix lasix side effects lasix water pill lasix 40mg lasix special lasix renogram lasix washington bend lasix eye lasix surgery toronto lasix toronto eye lasix salem surgery lasix injection prescription lasix lasix eye surgery maryland lasix medication | lasix Lasix Article Horse Racing Page Site Index Bleeders and Lasix Facts, opinions, and conclusions for the handicapper. In this article, we will examine a number of questions. You may read through the document top-to-bottom or jump directly to the topic that interests you. Why do horses bleed during a race? How does Lasix help? How many racehorses bleed? What about Bute? Why the contraversy about the use of Lasix? What does this mean for the handicapper? References. Background. In the 1960s, the use lasix for horse of Lasix to prevent bleeding was virtually unknown. Today, every racing state permits the use of raceday Lasix treatments, and in many locales, the number of horses racing on Lasix is greater than the number racing without. This rapid increase in Lasix use has been attributed to a number of factors. Indiscriminate breeding in the 1970s to meet the increasing demand for racing stock is blamed for weakening the breed. Pollution in the air and water irritates horses' systems. And year-round racing lasix for horse takes its toll on thoroughbreds by offering fewer breaks and more varied racing climates. Although most lasix for horse handicappers understand the general implications and effects of Lasix use, most do not comprehend why it is necessary lasix for horse or how it works. And many inexperienced fans do not even know what it is. This lasix for horse article explores all these lasix for horse topics, and suggests how lasix for horse handicappers can lasix for horse benefit from this knowledge. A lasix for horse lesson in equine physiology: the biological reasons for bleeding. The thoroughbred racehorse has been highly optimized over hundreds of years of breeding to be an extremely efficient runner. Why, then, do so many of the species suffer from lasix for horse bleeding in the lungs under the stress of running? The answer to this question requires a peek inside lasix for horse the horse; understanding the configuration of the horse's internal organs shows why some bleeding is inevitable during a race. The technical name for "bleeding" is exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). This describes a condition in which the tiny blood vessels in a horse's lungs rupture due to stress sustained during lasix for horse physical exertion. EIPH lasix for horse occurs in three variations. Simple EIPH is an acute condition resulting lasix for horse from the strain of exercise. Patent pulmonary hemorrhage (PPH) involves bleeding in the lungs as a reaction to an allergen, infection, lasix for horse or due to hypertension. Some horses experience composite bleeding, which is lasix for horse the result of the combined effects of simple EIPH and PPH. PPH is a chronic condition which must be treated with lasix for horse various medications. The effects of simple EIPH lasix for horse heal lasix for horse naturally over lasix for horse the course of several days. Simple EIPH occurs as the natural consequence of strenuous running due to lasix for horse the layout of the horse's organs and the lasix for horse way the equine body moves during high-speed galloping. The horse's body is divided into two halves. lasix for horse The front end of the horse's trunk contains the heart, lungs, and other major organs. The back half of the horse lasix for horse contains the intestines which are suspended within the abdomen lasix for horse by ligaments. The two lasix for horse halves are divided by a thin sheet of muscle called the diaphragm. When the diaphragm contracts, the effect is to increase the volume lasix for horse of the horse's front half, the chest cavity. This increased lasix for horse volume draws air into lasix for horse the lungs. When running, this movement is synchronized such that the lasix for horse horse inhales when his front feet hit the ground and his skeletal structure lasix for horse is stretched to its maximum length. When the horse's front feet leave the ground, the skeletal structure lasix for horse is lasix for horse compressed and the diaphragm relaxes. The constricting chest cavity forces lasix for horse air out of the lungs, and the horse exhales. Due to the back-and-forth motion lasix for horse of galloping, the horse's intestines swing like a pendulum at the end of the suspensory ligaments. When running at full speed, especially in the fastest sprint races, the movement of lasix for horse the intestines can lasix for horse get out lasix for horse of phase with the movement of the diaphragm in such a way that the intestinal mass is lasix for horse swinging forward as the horse is trying to exhale. This causes the diaphragm to be lasix for horse slammed forward and slightly upward. The diaphragm, in turn, squeezes part of the lungs against the chest wall. The lungs are filled with alveoli, tiny air sacs, and capillaries, miniscule blood vessels. lasix for horse The alveoli and capillaries are lasix for horse so fine and so interconnected that oxygen from the inhaled air can pass into the bloodstream, lasix for horse and carbon dioxide in the blood can pass lasix for horse out of the blood into the lungs to be exhaled. The capillaries are at their smallest and most efficient near the rear, tapered end of the lungs where they abut the diaphragm. It lasix for horse is exactly these lasix for horse most efficient, extremely fine capillaries which are repeatedly impacted by the forward-surging intestinal mass. As they rupture under the stress, the horse's air passages become clogged lasix for horse with blood. Obviously, this causes difficulty in breathing which causes difficulty in running. Some studies suggest lasix for horse that airborn debris, such as dust and pollen, play a role in EIPH. Increased fluid and mucous or inflammation lasix for horse due to these irritants obstruct the horse's airways and require even harder breathing during a race. Once EIPH starts in a horse, it tends to be lasix for horse a lifelong problem. The role of Lasix. The medication Furosemide, sold under the trade name, "Lasix", is a powerful diuretic that lasix for horse causes fluids locked up in the lasix for horse horse's body tissues to lasix for horse be released and expelled in the urine. This has the effect of lowering the horse's blood lasix for horse pressure, particularly in lasix for horse the aorta and pulmonary artery. The lower blood pressure in the capillaries mitigates the problem of EIPH; lasix for horse thus, the horse's performance returns to a normal level. Lasix lasix for horse is treatment of choice for EIPH, though studies of its effectiveness vary. Some experts contend that Lasix has a stimulating effect on some horses which enhances their performance beyond what it would normally be. Furthermore, some suggest that lasix for horse the sheer volume of fluid lost by the horse (up to several gallons) can cause it to lose as much as twenty pounds, giving it a weight advantage. (Considering the fact lasix for horse that the imposts carried lasix for horse by different horses in a handicap race my vary as little as five to ten pounds, a twenty pound lasix for horse reduction in weight may be very significant.) Furthermore, there are those who suggest that the increased urinary output of the lasix for horse horse flushes lasix for horse away traces of other, illicit, performance-enhancing lasix for horse substances in the bloodstream. The scope of the problem. Virtually lasix for horse every equine athlete lasix for horse that is required to gallop for prolonged lasix for horse periods is susceptible to the effects of simple EIPH -- bleeding caused by the strain of exercise. However, the problem is lasix for horse most widespread in thoroughbreds because lasix for horse they maintain a high speed for up to two minutes or more. The problem is less severe in steeplechasers, lasix for horse standardbreds, and heavy draft horses because they run at slower speeds due to the nature of their competition. It is estimated that two to three percent of thoroughbreds lasix for horse bleed so severly as to be evident without the aid of medical equipment. However, a large majority of horses race on Lasix in jurisdictions where it is legal. If a horse bleeds during a race, and the blood is detected during a veternary examination after the race, it is declared a "bleeder" and permitted to race lasix for horse with the medication, lasix for horse Lasix. Though only a small number of horses overtly bleed lasix for horse due to EIPH, nearly all horses show at least some bleeding deep lasix for horse within the lungs. This can be detected by a bronchoscope. Thus, if a trainer wishes to put his horse on Lasix, he can simply have the horse "scoped" after the race. The examination will almost certainly turn up traces of blood in lasix for horse the lungs, and the horse will be able to race lasix for horse with the benefit lasix for horse of Lasix in future races. Thus, practically any horse can be treated with Lasix if its connections so desire. The role of Butazolidin. Phenylbutazone (PBZ), sold as "Butazolidin" and lasix for horse commonly called "Bute", is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). In most states, it is the only medication, besides lasix for horse Lasix, lasix for horse permitted in a horse's bloodstream during a race. Like the common human NSAID, aspirin, Butazolidin fights pain, inflammation, and fever. It is normally used as lasix for horse a theraputic drug to treat sick or injured horses. One lasix for horse side effect of NSAIDs is to decrease the platelets in the bloodstream which causes "thinner" blood. Some suggest that the problem of EIPH is exacerbated by thinned blood. Another negative side effect is lasix for horse that prolonged use of Butazolidin can cause ulcers and gastrointestinal irritation in horses. "Bute" does not enhance performance in lasix for horse any way; however, a trainer with his bottom line rather than the horse's welfare lasix for horse in mind lasix for horse could use Butazolidin to numb a horse to the pain of an injury so that it can continue to race when it should be laid off. The Lasix debate. Opponents of Lasix use point out that it was legalized in the late 1970's during a shortage of thoroughbreds in North America. They suggest that Lasix and Butazolidin lasix for horse are used to make otherwise uncompetitive horses able (if not fit) to race. They are also quick to note that the percentage of winning favorites has declined since the lasix for horse introduction of these drugs -- a sign that racing has become less formful. Furthermore, they assert that the lasix for horse commonplace use of a controlled substance in racehorses does not contribute to the image of lasix for horse racing as a fair and legitimate sport. Lasix proponents simply assert lasix for horse that it is a treatment lasix for horse without which certain horses would be unable to race due to physical ailments. Many horses are bleeders and require medication to control lasix for horse the problem. Many people from both sides agree, however, that the use of Lasix and Butazolidin is getting out of control. Since virtually all horses bleed -- at least a little bit -- any horse can be declared a bleeder and put on Lasix. Bute can be used on any horse the trainer deems needs it. Why the proliferation of horses lasix for horse racing with Lasix and Bute? Some say that trainers are using both drugs just in case their horse has an undetected lasix for horse problem. Or, they may be using them because there is a perceived advantage to using these drugs, and they do not want their horses to be at a disadvantage. At the very least it can not be denied that the large majority of horses race under medication on a consistent basis. One finds oneself wondering if these drugs are truly necessary on a continuing basis. And if so, should such horses be permitted to race? The practical implications. Regardless of which side one takes in the Lasix debate, it appears that controlled medications lasix for horse are here to stay. Lasix and Butazolidin are legal and lasix for horse common in most jurisdictions, and more theraputic lasix for horse drugs may be permitted in the near future. For instance, California is considering establishing maximum bloodstream levels of eight drugs. The issue of lasix for horse horses running on medication seems to be expanding. Since medications will be a part of racing for the foreseeable future, it is lasix for horse prudent for the handicapper to carefully consider the impact of these chemicals whether you call lasix for horse them "theraputic medications" lasix for horse or "performance-enhancing drugs". The use of raceday medications lasix for horse entails a number of implications of practical value to the handicapper. Consider first the mechanism by which bleeding occurs; the horse's intestines move out of sync with his breathing, causing his lungs to be battered by lasix for horse the intestinal mass. This may lasix for horse explain why the practice of "drawing" a horse, lasix for horse or witholding feed for six to twelve hours prior to a race, is an effective trick to maximize performance. While lasix for horse there is lasix for horse no way for the handicapper to lasix for horse tell whether a horse had been drawn, the astute observer can certainly watch to see if any horse makes a move to lighten his intestinal load in the paddock or post parade immediately prior lasix for horse to a race. Also consider the type of exercise lasix for horse that leads to hemorrhage -- very fast galloping. This implies that sprinters, who run the lasix for horse fastest, have the most to gain from using lasix for horse Lasix. Routers enjoy a slower pace and probably incur less damage to their lungs during the typical race. Certainly one should study a horse's past performances very carefully before playing the "first time Lasix" angle. Is this a horse that can lasix for horse benefit from a dose of Lasix? Typically, lasix for horse a lasix for horse horse that shows early speed then suddenly stops after a half mile or so is likely to be suffering from the effects of bleeding. This is the type of horse that can be helped by Lasix. Horses that run near the back of lasix for horse the lasix for horse pack throughout the entire lasix for horse race lasix for horse are unlikely lasix for horse to improve under any medication. Some professional handicappers suggest that Lasix is least effective on hot, humid days, probably because any mammal's breathing is more difficult on such days. If your handicapping typically involves favoring horses lasix for horse carrying less weight than lasix for horse their rivals, be sure to take lasix for horse into account the pounds shed by a Lasix-medicated horse by increased urinary output. It seems lasix for horse evident that the effects of EIPH are efficiently healed because most horses perform well after only 10 to 14 days between races. However, it is natural to suppose that years of racing might leave lasix for horse a fair amount of scar tissue on a horse's lungs. Therefore, it might be worthwhile to lasix for horse consider how well older horses will lasix for horse be able to breathe during a particularly strenuous race. Keeping the causes of EIPH and the effects of Lasix in mind when handicapping should provide some insights into how medicated horses will perform in a given race. However, these handicapping suggestions should be kept in perspective. Incorporate them into your overall method of handicapping, but do not place undue emphasis on them. References. Ainslie, lasix for horse Tom, Ainslie's Encyclopedia lasix for horse of Thoroughbred Handicapping. Biles, Deidre lasix for horse B., lasix for horse "The EIPH Puzzle". The Blood Horse, 04JAN97. Grening, David, "How Lasix Came To Be in lasix for horse New York". Thoroughbred Times, 26AUG95. Kopp, Kenneth J., lasix for horse D.V.M., "The Danger in Dust". The Mane Points, Spring lasix for horse 1996. McArdle, Camille J., "At lasix for horse the Threshold". lasix for horse Thoroughbred Times, 06MAY95. McArdle, Camille J., "Bute: Then and Now". Thoroughbred Times, 17JUN95. O'Dea, Joseph C., "A Trail of Blood". Thoroughbred Times, 11MAR95. O'Dea, Joseph C., "Racing and the New York Rule". Thoroughbred lasix for horse Times, 18MAR95. Williams, George, "Perspectives on the Use of Lasix". Thoroughbred Times, 26AUG95. URL: lasix for horse http://www.thinkythings.org/horseracing/lasixinfo.html Last updated: 19MAY2004 Copyright © 1995, 1997, 2004 by Drew All Rights Reserved. See http://www.benedict.com lasix for horse for an excellent description of what this means. Backyard Racehorse - Book Excerpts October 3, 2000 lasix for horse MEDICATIONS AT THE RACETRACK VET BILLS FROM A LEADING TRAINER cont'd... Month Seven 7/1 Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 7/1 Banamine Injection 7/2 Adequan Injection 7/3 Lasix Injection 7/3 Pre-Race Injection 7/3 Pre-Race Treatment HORSE RACED AND WON 7/3! 7/12 Bronchial Injection 7/13 Bronchial Injection 7/14 Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 7/14 lasix for horse Banamine Injection 7/15 Adequan Injection 7/16 Pre-Race Injection 7/16 Pre-Race Treatment 7/16 Lasix HORSE RACED AND WON 7/16! 7/17 Worming 7/25 lasix for horse Bronchial Injection 7/26 Bronchial Injection 7/27 Bronchial Injection 7/28 Bronchial Injection This month the horse has won two races. Incidentally, one purse in lasix for horse one of the races was taken back three months later. The DRUG TEST CAME BACK POSITIVE! Perhaps the buildup of so many medications finally showed through in spite of the fact that the horse was on lasix for horse Lasix, a drug that can mask test results. The trainer's comment when he found out, was, "I don't understand. I gave her the same stuff I give all my horses!" I will agree with that. Sometimes the vet bills of other horses lasix for horse in his barn were on the same page as those lasix for horse of this filly. I could see that every horse got the same stuff. The filly had been progressively dropped in price with lasix for horse each race and that is how she was able to win. TOTAL VET BILLS FOR THIS MONTH lasix for horse ARE $420 Month Eight 8/1 Bronchial Injection 8/2 Bronchial Injection 8/3 Bronchial Injection 8/4 Bronchial Injection 8/5 Adequan Injection 8/6 Pre-Race Injection 8/6 Pre-Race Treatment 8/6 Estro IV lasix for horse (Premarin - used for bleeders) 8/6 Lasix HORSE RACED HER LAST RACE 8/6 8/7 Eye Medication 8/13 Ultra Sound Tendon Did you notice something different lasix for horse in this bill? The horse has been given Bronchial Injections for a more lasix for horse persistent period of time. I lasix for horse suspect she had a massive lung infection resulting from the lasix for horse bleeding. lasix for horse The medications may have suppressed this temporarily enabling lasix for horse her to run until the medication could no longer mask the damage to her lungs. These injections could be Clenbuterol, a lung medication, or Prednisone, a steroid that is used a great deal in lung disease. It has many side effects, one of which is aggression. It is used very cautiously in humans, as the illusion of well-being can fool lasix for horse you into thinking that your lasix for horse lungs are well. At this point, the horse has an accumulation of problems manifesting themselves. The bronchial injections may help get lasix for horse one more race. Since this trainer certainly knows the signs of distress, lasix for horse he took a final shot. The Estro IV (estrogen - a female hormone) lasix for horse also implies that there might be a lasix for horse problem with her breathing and/ or, her lungs. I'm not sure the horse even finished the race. I saw her five months after that last race and her ankles were still swollen and lasix for horse misshapen. She had bowed the left front tendon down low and who knows what other damage had been done. It looked like the suspensory ligaments might also have been torn bilaterally. Unfortunately, there was so much disfigurement it lasix for horse was hard to lasix for horse tell. With time the ankles should start healing, but they will never be sound. Had lasix for horse this horse been handled differently, she could have run for years. She did not have a bad step or bad luck at the track. lasix for horse This is a text book case of abuse and poor management... all done in the name of Horse Training by a leading trainer. This owner actually paid $45 a day lasix for horse to have a decent, talented horse ruined. He also paid enormous lasix for horse vet lasix for horse bills. Her bow may eventually lasix for horse heal, but she will never run again. She lasix for horse is only four years old. My recommendation to the owner was to lasix for horse breed her, if possible. (Steroids are known to cause fertility problems in lasix for horse horses. In the four years she has been retired, she has yet been able to conceive.) As I reviewed this horse's history, I felt ill. Seeing the progressive use of medications, lasix for horse there is no doubt to the outcome. I hope you lasix for horse question what is lasix for horse being done to your lasix for horse horse... and then maybe he will have a chance for a lengthy career! lasix for horse Backyard Racehorse - Book Excerpts October 3, 2000 MEDICATIONS AT THE RACETRACK lasix for horse VET BILLS FROM A LEADING TRAINER (cont'd) Month Three 3/01 - Wormed 3/01 - lasix for horse Flu rhino vaccine 3/08 - Bronchial Injection 3/09 - Bronchial Injection 3/10 - Bronchial Injection 3/12 - Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 3/12 - Banamine Injection 3/13 - Adequan Injection 3/14 - Pre-Race Injection 3/14 - Pre-Race lasix for horse Treatment HORSE RACED 3/14 3/14 - Another scoping... perhaps lasix for horse bleeding after this race? 3/22 - Bronchial Injection 3/22 - Equipoise Injection 3/22 - Injection of Right and Left Stifles... again 3/24 - Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 3/24 - Banamine Injection 3/26 - Pre-Race lasix for horse Injection 3/26 - Pre-Race lasix for horse Treatment HORSE RACED 3/26 3/29 - Bronchial Injection 3/30 - Bronchial Injection The lasix for horse new injection this month is Equipoise, an anabolic lasix for horse steroid, which increases muscle mass. This is the same lasix for horse (banned) medication that caused such problems when used by the Olympic Athletes. Generally anabolic steroids are those that enhance muscle mass. lasix for horse You'll hear of weight lasix for horse lifters and runners lasix for horse using them. Corticosteroids are injected intra-articularly to alleviate symptoms of damaged joints. They are used lasix for horse systemically (injected intramuscularly) to alleviate swelling and pain. They are a short-term fix for sore horses. Note that the horse has had her stifles injected lasix for horse again. They are lasix for horse bothering her, but she may not know it in a race, as all the medication she is given masks the problem. Shešll be sore when the medications wear off! She was scoped again. They must be expecting her to bleed. It is just a matter of time with all of these drugs. TOTAL VET BILLS $400 Month Four 4/01 - Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 4/01 lasix for horse - Banamine Injection 4/02 - Adequan Injection 4/02 - Injection-Right and Left Ankles 4/03 - Pre-Race lasix for horse Injection 4/03 - Pre-Race Treatment HORSE lasix for horse RACED 4/03 4/08 - Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 4/08 - Banamine Injection 4/10 - Pre-Race Injection 4/10 - Pre-Race lasix for horse Treatment HORSE RACED AND WON 4/10 4/21 - Bronchial Injection 4/22 - lasix for horse Bronchial Injection 4/24 - Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 4/24 - Banamine lasix for horse Injection 4/29 - Bronchial Injection 4/30 lasix for horse - Bronchial Injection 4/31 - Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 4/31 - Banamine Injection The worst thing we see this month is the injection for the ankles. The price, $50, tells us it may have been cortisone, the first step toward the destruction of the ankles. lasix for horse Remember, cortisone is used for pain. When given to a human, they are instructed not use or stress the injury. Horses are injected and asked to run hard, starting lasix for horse the cycle of destruction described in Dr. lasix for horse Krook and Dr. Maylin's book, RACE HORSES AT RISK. (The exception seems to be using hyaluronic lasix for horse acid, lasix for horse a substance that is similar to joint fluid. It seems to cushion rough joints and enhance healing. Horses should lasix for horse always rest after these injections!) The rest of the medications are lasix for horse as previously explained. In spite of all the chemicals, the horse lasix for horse does win! Many of these medications are not lasix for horse necessary. However, some definitely "help" the horse run. Others, of course, lasix for horse are destroying the horse because she is able to run when she should really be resting and healing. Continuing with the animal in this manner is counterproductive long term. lasix for horse As an owner, it is up to you to decide how you want your horse to be handled. lasix for horse Look for a trainer who has time to work more closely with lasix for horse you and time to get to know your lasix for horse horse rather than load him with medication. Trainers who have small stables might have that lasix for horse kind of time. (This is not to condemn leading trainers. Trainers with large stables simply have less lasix for horse time to work with interested, involved owners.) THE lasix for horse VET BILL FOR THE FOURTH MONTH IS $377 Month Five 5/2 Pre-Race Injection 5/2 Pre-Race Treatment HORSE RACED 5/2 5/6 Encephalitis Vaccine 5/19 Bronchial Injection 5/20 Bronchial Injection 5/21 Banamine Injection 5/22 Adequan Injection 5/23 Lasix Injection 5/23 Pre-Race Injection 5/23 lasix for horse Pre-Race Treatment HORSE RACED 5/23 5/25 Bronchial Injection 5/26 Bronchial Injection 5/27 Electrolyte Vitamin Jug 5/27 Banamine Injection 5/28 Adequan Injection 5/29 Lasix 5/29 Pre-Race Injection 5/29 Pre-Race Treatment HORSE RACED 5/29 This month the lasix for horse filly is put on Lasix. lasix for horse One more stress to an already stressed system. She did win another race this month. With all of the lasix for horse medications and then Lasix, it is lasix for horse admirable that lasix for horse the filly manages to finish races... let alone win one. This filly has been put in claiming races lasix for horse since her first start with this lasix for horse trainer. She has been lasix for horse progressively dropped in class with each subsequent race. The vet bills were $435 this month. Month six 6/02 Bronchial injection 6/03 lasix for horse Bronchial injection 6/03 Inject right and left hocks 6/04 Bronchial lasix for horse injection 6/09 Electrolyte vitamin Jug 6/09 Banamine injection 6/10 Adequan injection 6/11 Lasix 6/11 lasix for horse Pre-race injection 6/11 Pre-race treatment HORSE RACED 6/11 6/15 Bronchial lasix for horse injection 6/16 Bronchial injection 6/19 Electrolyte vitamin Jug 6/19 Banamine injection 6/20 Adequan injection 6/21 lasix for horse Pre-race injection 6/21 Pre-race treatment 6/21 lasix for horse Lasix HORSE RACED 6/21 6/28 Bronchial treatment 6/29 Bronchial treatment 6/30 Bronchial treatment In lasix for horse one of the races, lasix for horse the filly lasix for horse ran lasix for horse second. We see that this month the hocks have been injected, probably with cortisone or maybe an internal blister. Now she has been treated for sore stifles, sore ankles, and sore hocks. She still runs because she has "heart" and is not aware of her deterioration. THE VET BILL FOR THIS MONTH IS $342. Thoroughbred Owners and lasix for horse Breeders Association -- Ownership lasix for horse lasix for horse lasix for horse Previous: Common Medications lasix for horse and Injections COMMON INJURIES AND AILMENTS SOURCES: TOBA, Thoroughbred Owners of lasix for horse California, Thoroughbred Racing Communications, The Blood-Horse, The Horse, Thoroughbred Times EIPH or Bleeding lasix for horse Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH), commonly known lasix for horse as bleeding, has lasix for horse been known to afflict Thoroughbreds since the early 18th Century. Tom Biracree and Wendy Insinger point out lasix for horse in their book The Complete Book of Thoroughbred Horse Racing that reference to bleeding can be found in the name of the lasix for horse early 18th Century English stallion Bleeding Childers. Subsequently his name was changed to Bartlett's Childers. Bartlett's Childers is the great-grandsire lasix for horse of Eclipse, the horse which 80% of lasix for horse all modern lasix for horse Thoroughbreds trace their parentage. EIPH is characterized by bleeding from the lungs after strenuous exercise. According to lasix for horse an article in the UC Davis Center for Equine Health's The Horse Report, recent studies suggest lasix for horse that anywhere from 70 to 100 percent of horses in racing lasix for horse and training experience EIPH. It is believed horses experience EIPH because during exercise lasix for horse they lasix for horse have lasix for horse unusually lasix for horse high blood pressures in the vessels that lead from the heart to the lungs and lasix for horse this high pressure causes the walls of the vessels to break and release blood into the airways. The American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) recommends for a horse to be declared ineligible to race for a minimum of 10 days after the first incident of EIPH. If a second incident occurs, lasix for horse recommended ineligibility is 20 days. Ineligibility for at least 60 days is recommended for third and subsequent incidents. After the third incident lasix for horse it lasix for horse is at the discretion of the track veterinarian in consultation with the practicing veterinarian and trainer when the horse is declared eligible to race. HELPFUL TIPS: EIPH Facts lasix for horse vs. Fiction Reprinted with permission from the UC Davis Center for Equine Health. Fiction: If you can't see any blood in lasix for horse the nose after lasix for horse exercising, there lasix for horse was no bleeding (EIPH). Fact: Most cases of EIPH occur internally with no external sign of bleeding. In Japan, researchers analyzed 250,000 lasix for horse racing starts and found lasix for horse that bleeding from the nose occurred in less lasix for horse than 0.2 percent of the racing starts. However, in studies using an endoscope, in which a tube is passed via the nose and the veterinarian looks into the airways, researchers found that 50-70 percent of all horses that race experience EIPH at some time. In studies that evaluated lasix for horse airway cellular debris, results suggest that perhaps 100 percent of racehorses experience EIPH. Fiction: Only Thoroughbreds lasix for horse running flat races experience EIPH. Fact: Bleeding can occur with almost any type of severe exercise in horses, even with draft animals lasix for horse pulling heavy loads. Some horses pull up and show evidence of bleeding immediately after sudden exertion (e.g., the start of a Quarterhorse sprint). Some evidence suggests that bleeding might be more frequent in shorter, higher intensity events. At UC Davis, horses on the treadmill have bled severely when simply changing from a trot to a canter. Fiction: Lasix will prevent a horse from bleeding. Fact: The lasix for horse diuretic Lasix lasix for horse can be legally administered four hours before a race lasix for horse to horses that lasix for horse have been documented with a history of bleeding. Although Lasix does lower blood pressures slightly, there is no proof that it reduces the incidence or severity of bleeding. Several studies have found evidence indicating that lasix for horse Lasix measurably improves racing performance; however, it dehydrates the horse prior to the race, as well as dilutes any drug residues that might be in the urine. Recent evidence lasix for horse indicates that Lasix causes only a slight improvement in racing lasix for horse performance. How do I tell if my lasix for horse horse is bleeding? In rare cases, a horse may spray blood from its lasix for horse nose while exercising or after abruptly pulling up. In other unusual cases, there may be a lasix for horse thin trickle of blood showing from one or both nostrils up to two hours after a workout. The most common way to diagnose EIPH is by passing a flexible endoscope into the horse's airways to view the blood that lasix for horse is being cleared from areas of the lungs where bleeding occurred. This is usually done one to two hours following exercise. Over time, repeated EIPH incidences will lead lasix for horse to changes in lung structure as a reaction to the blood in the airways. In extreme cases, large areas of the lung's lasix for horse upper rear portion may consolidate to become unusually solid which may be detectable with radiographic imaging. The University of California at Davis' Center lasix for horse for Equine Health has a very informative web site that can be reached by following this link http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ceh/default.htm. Bowed Tendon An inflammation and lasix for horse enlargement of the flexor lasix for horse tendon at the back of the front cannon bone. The general cause is severe strain. Back at the knees, long, weak pasterns, a long toe and low heel and improper shoeing lasix for horse are all predisposing causes. The bowed lasix for horse appearance is due to the formation of fibrinous tissue. Bows lasix for horse are classified as low, medium or high depending on location. Treatment usually requires long periods of rest; six months to a year on the farm is normal. The use of enzyme injections, laser and surgical procedures are all currently being used to try lasix for horse and treat this injury. Less than 50% lasix for horse of horses lasix for horse suffering a bowed tendon come lasix for horse back successfully. Bucked Shins An enlargement on the front of the cannon bone lasix for horse between lasix for horse the knee lasix for horse and the fetlock joints. This enlargement is due to trauma to the periosteum (thin sheathing which covers the bone), most often caused by concussion. Generally, the condition lasix for horse is confined to lasix for horse soreness, but lasix for horse if a periostitis (calcium deposit) occurs new bone growth can result that gives one the perceived look of a "bucked" shin. This injury lasix for horse occurs most often in young horses in heavy training. The goal of treatment of a bucked shin is to thicken the front lasix for horse cortex of the cannon bone. This can be done lasix for horse by continued lasix for horse light training with lasix for horse a gradual increase in intensity or pin firing. Pin firing is a therapy whereby a red-hot probe is used to cauterize the affected area to produce lasix for horse a serous inflammatory response. The serum appears to flush out the other inflammation in the area. A horse that has been pin fired usually requires two to three months of rest before training can resume. The benefits of pin firing are open to debate, with some vets believing lasix for horse there is little or no benefit to the practice. Once healed bucked shins rarely recur. Splint A calcification or lasix for horse bony growth, usually occurring on the inside lasix for horse of the cannon lasix for horse bone or splint bones. It typically results from a tear of the interosseous ligament lasix for horse that binds the splint bone to the cannon bone, but can result from any inflammation of the periosteum. This condition is most commonly caused by concussion with a hard surface. Blistering (a therapy similar to pin firing), surgery and rest are all treatments. Torn Suspensory Ligament The lasix for horse suspensory ligaments lasix for horse run from the top end of the back side of the cannon bone (and lasix for horse knee or hock) down to the sesamoids and the pastern bone. lasix for horse These are among the most stressed of all tissues in the racehorse's body, and are therefore one of the lasix for horse most common sites of injury. The treatment is usually six to nine months of rest and an additional three to four months of lasix for horse re-training. lasix for horse Bone chip in the knee or ankle Pieces of broken bone off lasix for horse the knee or ankle (usually from racing stress). If chips remain attached they lasix for horse may not interfere with the action of the horse's leg, but can be extremely painful and usually require removal by arthroscopic surgery. If it is determined that the chip should be removed, arthroscopic lasix for horse surgery is lasix for horse performed followed by three months of rest and an additional three to four months of re-training. The cost of the surgery is approximately $2,000. Slab Fracture A break in the lasix for horse knee whereby the "slab" of a carpal bone splits and the front part becomes detached. This can often lasix for horse be repaired surgically. While lasix for horse a slab fracture does not necessarily mean the end of a horse's career, it is a serious injury. See Fractured Leg. Condylar Fracture A fracture of the condyle of the cannon bone. The condyle is the bulbous bottom or distal end of the lasix for horse cannon bone that fits into the fetlock joint. Condylar fractures can be repaired surgically. The prognosis for survival and a return lasix for horse to racing soundness is dependent on the severity of injury. In uncomplicated cases, after surgery lasix for horse to fix an uncomplicated condylar fractures, the horse lasix for horse normally is given stall rest for one lasix for horse month, followed by stall rest and hand-walking for another month. After this 60-day period, follow-up x-rays are taken to determine the rate of healing. If all is going well, there likely is another two to four weeks of paddock exercise before the horse might resume training. In the case of more severe fractures, the recovery period could encompass lasix for horse many months before the horse is ready to return to training. See Fractured Leg. Sesamoid Fracture The sesamoids are two small, delicate bones located at the back of the fetlock, held lasix for horse in place only by ligaments. These little bones located just behind the pastern serve as pulleys over which the deep lasix for horse digital flexor tendons pass. lasix for horse A lasix for horse fracture to the sesamoids usually involves an injury to the suspensory apparatus. Depending on the severity of the injury, surgery can be performed to treat the fracture. lasix for horse See Fractured Leg. Fractured Leg A fractured leg requiring the placement of lasix for horse screws in the cannon lasix for horse bone or pastern will lasix for horse cost from $2,000 to $3,500, depending upon the complexity of the fracture. In lasix for horse addition, the horse will require four to eight months of lasix for horse rest and another three to four months of re-training. Curb A hard enlargement on the rear of the cannon bone immediately below the hock. lasix for horse It begins as an inflammation of lasix for horse the plantar ligament and lasix for horse the inflammation leads to a thickening of the ligament. Grabbed Quarter While running, the horse "grabbed" one lasix for horse of its lasix for horse front hooves with a rear hoof, tearing skin and tissue. Cost and amount of training time lost depends on lasix for horse the extent of the injury. Quarter Crack Under stress, or if improperly shod, the hard substance of the hoof (similar to the lasix for horse human fingernail) can crack and become a source of pain - sometimes including the development of lasix for horse an infection in the exposed soft tissue underneath. This ailment can be corrected lasix for horse with a fiberglass or epoxy patch, and lasix for horse shoeing. Cost and amount of training time lost, if any, depends on the extent of lasix for horse the injury. Colic Colic is lasix for horse a general term used to describe pain in the gastrointestinal tract of lasix for horse a horse. Colic lasix for horse can happen any time to any horse and has many causes. It is the number one killer of horses. Treatments vary depending on the type of colic and its severity. A "simple" colic may cost around $100 for treatment. More severe or prolonged colics can cost several hundred dollars to treat. If the colic is severe enough to require surgery, the cost of treatment can be several thousand dollars. Another informative web site on these injuries and other equine health issues is the American Association of Equine Practitioners lasix for horse site "My Horse Matters." It can be found by following the lasix for horse link www.myhorsematters.com. Next: Tests and Examinations Ownership | Membership | lasix for horse Programs | Legislative Updates | State Network Contact TOBA | About TOBA | Industry Links Home Copyright © 2005, TOBA. lasix for horse All rights reserved. Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association P.O.Box lasix for horse 4367, Lexington, KY 40544-4367 Phone: (859) 276-2291 | Fax: (859) 276-2462 info@toba.org |