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| lasix medicine cataract surgery after lasix eye lasix portland surgery lasix for horse eye lasix surgery toronto lasix pill lasix generic lasix special drug lasix prescription lasix washington bend lasix lasix treatment | lasix Respiratory Problems in Cats Sitemap Vetinfo Catinfo Catindex Doginfo Dogindex VetDigest Subscriber Area Tiercom Links Feline Encyclopedia Canine Encyclopedia Subscriber Info- Secure e-mail subscription form Please note: The information on our site is for everyone to read. Please use it lasix for cat as often as you like. However, Ask Dr Mike is available only to subscribers of our Vetinfo Digest. Please do not send questions if you are not a subscriber. Please use the search engine or one of the indexes to see if lasix for cat the information you need is already online. lasix for cat Please see Subscriber info for details. Subscriber Info The income from the subscriptions helps defray the cost of maintaining the site and allows us to keep the large amount of information on www.vetinfo.com free to our readers. Respiratory Problems in lasix for cat Cats Lung Problems - Bordella Bronchiseptica and other possibilities Chronic snuffling in cats and older kittens Mycoplasmal infections in kittens Can kitty litter dust cause lung disease in cats? Chronic upper respiratory infections Respiratory infections in cats in groups Differential for lung problems Increased lasix for cat respiratory rates (tachypnea) Paroxysmal respiration or lasix for cat reverse sneeze Feline Bordetella Chronic rhinitis/sinusitis in cats Pleural effusion - Chylous lasix for cat or Pseudocylous Chylothorax Antibiotic Treatment for rhinotracheitis Vague upper respiratory condition Kennel Cough - can the cat catch lasix for cat it? also see Sneezing also lasix for cat see Coughing also see Throat also see Asthma also see Nose - Nasal Problems also see Infectious Disease also see Eye Problems also see Heart problems also see Herpes (rhinotrachitis) also see Allergy Lung problems - lasix for cat Bordetella Bronchiseptica and lasix for cat other possibilities Lung problems lasix for cat - Bordetella bronchiseptica and other possibilities Question: Hi Dr. Mike Richard's, This is a follow up to my first letter (see below). Both of my cats were x-rayed a second time on Jan. 30. Milkbone's lungs are cleared up and the vet said he probably has some feline asthma. Kelly's lungs are about half lasix for cat way cleared so my vet said to lasix for cat continue her lasix for cat Lasix and Clindamycin for another two weeks. Both cat's symptoms are much improved, although Kelly's breathing is still faster than the other cats I live with and somewhat shallow, I believe. Both of their "voice's" have improved. Instead of silence or a raspy meow, they are more vocal and sounding like their normal selves. Kelly still has occasional coughing, but it does lasix for cat not last long. The vet said she could tap Kelly's lung if I wanted or we could further treat her with the medication first. I opted to wait on the tap and see how her next xray is after more medication. Another one of my cats has some coughing and now HE is on Clindamycin. The vet suggested I not burn incense or have anything in the area that lasix for cat could irritate their respiratory passages. I have always had a lasix for cat large air filter going 24 hr. per lasix for cat day also. The cats and I live in a basement apartment. I wonder if mold, mildew, aerosol sprays and occasional incense could be causing this? Some of my friends smoke also. Should I try a humidifier? Any ideas or suggestions are lasix for cat greatly appreciated. Question: Dear lasix for cat Dr. Mike Richards: Two weeks ago, I brought my cat, Kelly, a five year old calico mix to my vets. Kelly was coughing lasix for cat only once or twice lasix for cat a day but lasix for cat regularly. She occasionally has had a cough like this before, but I have thought it was hairballs. My other cats have lasix for cat done this also and the culprit in the past has, indeed, been lasix for cat hairballs. I became even more concerned when Kelly began to hyperventilate after being scared by another cat. She was gasping for air for a minute and I asked to get her lasix for cat in more quickly to the vets. A xray showed a lot of white area in the lungs. The vet said it could lasix for cat be lasix for cat tumors or fluid. lasix for cat I was lasix for cat concerned initially about heart disease and she said yes, this could cause fluid in lasix for cat the lungs. I am very concerned. The vet also mentioned the possibility of heartworms when a few days later, I brought in another of my cats with the same cough. His xray was similar except that Kelly's area of whiteness is closer along her sternum. Both cats are on Prednisone starting with two a day of 5 mg tablets for five days and tapering to one tablet per day. Both are on Clindamycin antibiotic drops 12.5 ml twice a day. Kelly is on Lasix 12.5 mg per day divided into two doses. Within just a few days, the cats symptoms improved. Kelly began to be more active and ate lasix for cat more than before. She stopped coughing almost entirely. The other cat, Milkbone Perry, lasix for cat is also not coughing as much, but still sounds congested when he does. Kelly's respirations still seem faster than my other cats and she is not as active as she has been in the past. I have read about some of the possible disorders my vet mentioned on your website and naturally am very worried. They have follow up x-rays ordered for next week. lasix for cat (Jan 30) If one lasix for cat or lasix for cat both cats have lung tumors or heartworms, where would be the best place for me to take them for further advice and follow up? I am thinking a specialist lasix for cat or animal hospital of some sort. I live in central NJ, so PA and NY are possible places to go as well. When I asked my vet what I would do if it were heartworms, lasix for cat she said "nothing." Your website cases indicate there are things that can be tried. Lung tumors, I suppose, would be the worst news. Heart disease could be controlled with meds at least for a while. Where would be best for me to bring them next and is there anything else I can be doing for them now? I am improving their diets with lasix for cat Pet Guard and Nutro Max, limiting their activity and giving them lots of love. I rescue ferals and have gone through heartbreak many times and it gets harder each and every darn time. Kelly especially is my favorite lasix for cat at present, though I love them all. Thank you very much for the service you provide. Dorene Answer: Dorene- Bordetella bronchiseptica infection is the only highly contagious cause of coughing that I am aware of in cats. This can be a normal inhabitant of the respiratory tract but in some cases it lasix for cat is also able to lasix for cat cause lasix for cat disease. Most affected cats recover within two to three lasix for cat weeks even without treatment but antibiotics can lasix for cat be helpful. This is most commonly a problem in shelters but there would be a small chance of this disease even in cats who have been living together for some time without exposure to other cats -- but it would be a long shot. Heartworms are a fairly common cause of coughing in cats in my area but that may not be the case where you are. I can't recall ever seeing this in more than one cat in one household, though. Roundworm infection with migration through lasix for cat the tissues causes lasix for cat coughing in some cats and also tends to clear up over time. This was thought to be an lasix for cat unusual cause of lasix for cat coughing when I was in school (long ago) but more recent work suggests that it may be more common than we thought. I think it would be odd to see multiple cats with this problem but I might try deworming the lasix for cat group just to be sure. Coincidental asthma in more than one cat isn't really uncommon, lasix for cat especially if lasix for cat there is aggravation by an environmental lasix for cat contaminant. Cigarette smoke is thought to be the most likely trigger for this but there are other possible triggers lasix for cat and the list your vet gave you sounds like a lasix for cat good one for things to avoid. I thought about Legionairre's disease (Legionella ?) but I can't recall seeing any proof that occurs in cats. The last thing is just environmental contamination without a secondary problem. That also seems likely. It might even be worth having the heating and cooling system checked out if these symptoms lasix for cat persist. Depending on what happens from this lasix for cat point on, lasix for cat you might also ask your vet to send the X-rays to a radiologist to get a second opinion lasix for cat about what might be going on. Radiologists look at lasix for cat X-rays all day and sometimes can detect subtle changes that vets don't usually see or lasix for cat recognize artifacts (film defects, positioning problems) that lead lasix for cat to false impressions that a disease is lasix for cat present. It may or may not be helpful to get a lasix for cat radiologist's opinion but if the problem persists it seems worthwhile to try, to me. It could also help in making the decision about whether seeing an internal medicine specialist is necessary --- if the radiologist suspects an odd disease it would be lasix for cat best to consider a lasix for cat trip to a specialist. Humidifiers are lasix for cat generally helpful for respiratory conditions and so I would consider that. It would definitely be best to ask your friends not lasix for cat to smoke at your house, if that is possible. It is good that you lasix for cat are seeing a response to therapy. I hope that things continue to improve. Mike Richards, DVM 2/6/2002 Chronic snuffling cats and older kittens Question: Dr.Mike, I recently lasix for cat (5/01) adopted two kittens from a local veterinary office. I am disappointed to have to tell you that I think they knowingly placed sick kittens. lasix for cat One of them has a chronic runny nose and diarrhea (soft stools), lasix for cat the other has chronic runny eyes. The lasix for cat vet I adopted them from says it's no big deal, lasix for cat some cats are just chronic snufflers. But, I suspected he was just covering lasix for cat his own incompetence since both kittens were given to lasix for cat me with round worms!! I've also been told that both tested negative for feline leukemia and I've now had them vaccinated against it. I've changed vets and am pretty much starting over from ground zero with these guys. Just had them retested lasix for cat for everything. They've also been started lasix for cat on Revolution. They're now about five months old. The vet I changed to seems to confirm that these are inconsequential chronic conditions and in lasix for cat the absence of fever he recommends no medical intervention. I've never heard of such a thing as a chronic snuffler. Have you? Should I move on and try yet another vet. I resent being saddled with sick kittens, but now that they're "my" kittens lasix for cat I've grown to love them and would like to do what I can to assure they're healthy and being well cared for. Any insight you might have would be appreciated. Sue Ellen Answer: Sue Ellen- People involved in the sheltering and lasix for cat adoption of kittens often come to accept giving away kittens with upper respiratory infections as a fact of life. Upper respiratory infections in kittens that are housed in circumstances that expose lasix for cat them to other kittens or cats are so common that lasix for cat they just become routine occurrences. These are usually viral infections and so there is a tendency to just live with them, especially when finances for care are limited. Many of these kittens will develop secondary bacterial infections and these can contribute to damage to the nasal passages that becomes a permanent problem, however. Even lasix for cat when there is an effort to control these infections it may not prevent the long term damage. This is one of the biggest problems for shelters and private individuals, including veterinarians, who try to care for and then adopt out lasix for cat kittens. Their choice is a hard one. Do they euthanize the sick kittens who lasix for cat might become well or lasix for cat do they adopt out lasix for cat kittens who may have lifelong illness and lessen their pool of future lasix for cat adopters for their kittens due to the bad feelings that these lifelong illnesses generate? There are lasix for cat some things that might help resolve the problems that you are having with your kittens. lasix for cat The lasix for cat first thing is to consider the use of lasix for cat an antibiotic lasix for cat that has a good spectrum against the most likely secondary invaders of your kittens' nasal passages. lasix for cat There are several potentially beneficial antibiotics. Our current favorite for the chronic snuffling cats is azithromycin (Zithromax Rx). It is given at 5 to 10mg/kg once a day for 5 days and then every 3 days until a couple of weeks after the upper respiratory symptoms subside, if it is possible to achieve lasix for cat resolution of the signs. In addition, giving l-lysine at 250mg (small cats) or lasix for cat 500mg (big cats) per day on a continual basis seems to help some cats and should not be harmful even lasix for cat if it doesn't work. lasix for cat I do think that it is better to try at least lasix for cat once lasix for cat to eliminate secondary bacterial agents since they are involved in damaging the nasal passages and setting up long term infection problems in some cats. It is also lasix for cat important to deworm kittens several times as they age. Roundworms migrate in the tissues outside the intestine and are not very susceptible to being killed by dewormers while they are migrating. Eventually they find their way back into the intestine. If deworming isn't repeated at least once, and lasix for cat preferably several times, all of the roundworms may not be eliminated. In dogs, roundworms tend to be controlled by the dog's immune system by the time the dog is an adult but some cats don't seem to be lasix for cat able to manage this and it is necessary to deworm some cats on a regular basis throughout their lifespan. I think it is acceptable just to routinely deworm and lasix for cat check stool samples periodically to be lasix for cat sure it is working but some vets prefer to do fecal examinations and lasix for cat then deworm only the cats who have eggs on the fecal examination. This is one of those situations in which veterinarians have different opinions on the best approach. lasix for cat If you decide that you would prefer to seek more aggressive care you can either try to work this out with your current veterinarian, who may be more willing to try to lasix for cat help than it appears, or lasix for cat you may have to consider finding a veterinarian lasix for cat who shares your concern. Sometimes it helps to find a feline only practice in this lasix for cat situation, as there seems to be a tendency for this type of practice to more aggressively pursue long lasix for cat term treatment options in some of lasix for cat these chronic disorders of cats. However, there are many veterinarians who see lasix for cat multiple species who share this philosophy. Good luck with these guys. It lasix for cat is good for them lasix for cat that you are lasix for cat willing to assume responsibility for their care. Mike Richards, DVM 10/17/2001 Mycoplasmal infections in kittens Question: lasix for cat Hi Dr Richards, I am a cat breeder. Recently I had two litters of kittens become ill with what seemed like two different illnesses. One involved horrible swollen eyes, a bit of sneezing, discharge from the eyes were clear. These kittens, luckily, never stopped nursing, but the eyes were horid. The other condition showed no symptoms except for raspy breathing. I lost three kittens with this lasix for cat symptom. The first (they were two weeks old) seemed fine when I went to bed, first thing the next am she was gasping for breath. Usually when they start to do that, they are dead in a short period of time. Off to the vet we went. My vet couldn't hear anything lasix for cat in the lungs, and was thinking a herniated diaphragm. Barium showed nothing. She tried a few lasix for cat other things and finally gave her a shot lasix for cat of steroids hoping to take down the inflammation. Later that day she lasix for cat took the x-rays to the ped specialist . Who said the lungs looked very consolidated. Through lasix for cat all this the little girl stayed strong. I started tube feeding lasix for cat her because she couldn't nurse, too hard to breath. Later that day the gasping became worse and we put her to sleep. She was lasix for cat the only kitten lasix for cat in this litter with these symptoms. The lasix for cat others all had the eye involvement. About a week later two kittens in the other litter started the very raspy breathing. None of this litter had the eye involvement and seemed fine up until this point. My vet had lasix for cat them on lasix for cat triple antibiotic eye ointment & penicillin. The kittens in the first lasix for cat liter with the eye symptoms were really getting worse. I was afraid some of eyes were going to rupture. It was Sat and the vet closed. I change antibiotics and eye meds to Zithromax and Gentocin. In two days the condition had cleared. Over night results were amazing. One in the second litter lasix for cat (with the pneumonia only symptoms) was lasix for cat too far gone and we put her to sleep. The other kitten with pneumonia only symptoms is steadily improving. He is now on Doxycycline. A couple of days ago histopath came lasix for cat back as Mycoplasma. So the antibiotics I switched to was the right choice. Just knew I had to something different! I have no idea where this has come from. I had a girl abort her litter a lasix for cat month ago but was negative for Mycoplasma. I lasix for cat have been told I need to dose lasix for cat everyone in the house with Doxycycline, for lasix for cat 14 days. What lasix for cat would you suggest? lasix for cat I lasix for cat sure don't want this to reoccur. If you agree on the lasix for cat Doxy, what dose and for how long? Does Doxy stain teeth like tetracycline does? Any advice you lasix for cat can give me to get rid of this problem lasix for cat is most appreciated! Best regards, Julie Answer: Julie- Doxycycline is less likely to stain lasix for cat teeth than tetracycline but it will do it. Short term use (less than a week) is not lasix for cat likely to cause this problem but longer lasix for cat term use probably will. The discoloration doesn't harm the teeth but it is permanent. I suppose this might matter in show cats but I have not lasix for cat worried about it much for pet cats lasix for cat when I thought the doxycyline needed lasix for cat to be used for longer periods of time. As far as I know, doxycycline is currently the antibiotic of choice for mycoplasmal infections cats. Azithromycin (Zithromax Rx) is supposed to be able to kill lasix for cat mycoplasma organisms, too, though. I can't find lasix for cat any information on the specific time period necessary to kill mycoplasma with doxycycline in cats but there are studies in other species (dogs, pigs) that show that eight days of therapy is long enough, so fourteen days is likely to be sufficient. Mike Richards, DVM 8/13/2001 Can kitty litter dust cause lung disease in cats? Question: A friend of mine recently lost her horse to a lung decease called silicone lasix for cat pneumonia. This is found in some horses in Monterey County, California. I lasix for cat was told that cats have lasix for cat gotten a similar decease from cat litter. Can breathing the litter particles cause lung decease? If so, what can be done to prevent it. Is lasix for cat there a particular type of cat litter that can cause this. Thank You, Lisa Answer: Lisa- If there are reports of silicosis in cats in the veterinary literature, I can't find them. There is one report of lasix for cat suspected poisoning from ingesting cat litter containing bentonite, but the report was not well lasix for cat documented and there have been no follow-up studies on this that I can find. Cats lasix for cat that have asthma do seem to be sensitive to dusty cat litters, so lasix for cat it is best to use a litter that is lasix for cat as dust free as possible for these lasix for cat cats. There is a problem with silicosis in horses in California and there have been a few lasix for cat reports of similar problems in chickens but these are lasix for cat environmental hazards associated with problems like living near quarries or chalk factories. I'm sorry I can't give a definitive answer to this question, but the hardest lasix for cat thing to be certain of is that a problem doesn't exist --- there is always lasix for cat a chance I just couldn't find the evidence for lasix for cat it. Mike Richards, DVM 12/28/2000 Chronic upper respiratory infections Question: Hello, We adopted a family of feral cats a couple lasix for cat of years ago. They were kittens at the time we adopted them, but they've retained much of lasix for cat their wild characteristic. Nonetheless, we are very attached to them. The problem lasix for cat is that one of them, Pixel, has a chronic upper respiratory problem that presents by her sneezing violently for extended periods of time. lasix for cat Also, lasix for cat there is a loud snuffling sound to her lasix for cat breathing, probably due to her nasal congestion. I'm lasix for cat sure that the problem is viral, since she has just finished a lasix for cat two week course lasix for cat of Amoxicilan 100mg (1/2 tab/day). What I'm wondering is: is there any treatment for this kind of condition? I've been told that the disease is probably a form of feline Herpes, so are there any anti-viral drugs that can help? I was hoping lasix for cat that she would outgrow the condition, or that it would enter into temporary remission, but lasix for cat instead it seems to have plateaued. I appreciate any comments you may have, Rob Answer: Rob- Most lasix for cat of the time chronic lasix for cat upper respiratory disease lasix for cat like you are seeing is the result of early severe viral infection that damages the nasal turbinates, making it easy for secondary bacterial infections to occur in the nasal passages. In the case of herpes virus, the virus also sticks around and causes intermittent problems. There are no really good systemic anti-viral agents lasix for cat for cats that I am aware of at the present time. It can be helpful to give l-lysine, 500mg/cat/day. This is an amino acid that interferes with lasix for cat reproduction of the herpes virus and which can suppress recurrences of the virus lasix for cat if it is supplemented continuously. Some vets believe that interferon administered on a seven days on/seven days off schedule is helpful. Since you can't get rid of lasix for cat the virus, the next plan of attack is to treat for the secondary bacterial invaders. lasix for cat There are lots of possible choices in antibiotics for this. Currently, lasix for cat fluoroquinolones like enrofloxacin (Baytril Rx) and orbifloxacin (Orbax lasix for cat Rx) lasix for cat are commonly recommended, as is azithromycin (Zithromax Rx). The major advantage of azithromycin is that it appears to work well even when given every other day or even every third day. Using a nebulizer to help moisturize the nasal passages can be helpful. This is done by putting lasix for cat a cold nebulizer directly in front of a crate with the cat in it or putting lasix for cat it lasix for cat in a small room with a nebulizer (like a small bathroom). Decongestants seem to help some cats. lasix for cat We have used pseudoephedrine orally and lasix for cat neosynephrine nasal drops. Sometimes this seems to help but not always. It is likely that Pixel lasix for cat will have this condition for life, even lasix for cat with treatment. Some cats require l-lysine and/or antibiotics for life to control the snuffling. Mike Richards, DVM 11/15/2000 Respiratory infections in cats lasix for cat in group situations lasix for cat Question: Hi Dr. Mike. I have one suggestion and 3 questions below. Suggestion: I would be willing to pay more annually or pay per question for this service. You sound extremely busy so perhaps an increase in lasix for cat charges would either pay for an assistant, or reduce the number of people asking questions while maintaining the same income. Just a thought. 1. My first question is about how to reduce incidences of upper respiratory virus among cats in a group situation, in particular at shelters. In an answer on your website to a subscriber on Feline Bordetella, you refer to an upcoming article: "I wanted to put some information lasix for cat into this note about controlling infectious diseases in shelter situations but I want to research that a little more. I do intend to cover this topic in an upcoming VetInfo Digest, though. If I don't do it in the next couple of issues please remind me." There was no date lasix for cat on this one so I don't know if it has already been addressed in one of your digests. I've been a member since 3/2000 so perhaps it's in an older digest--would lasix for cat it be possible for me to get a copy of it, or is it coming in the future? Will or does the article address venilation systems? 2. I am a new foster parent to cats from my county shelter. My current foster was sneezy at the shelter but only sneezed once at my house. She is segregated from my 2 cats but they can sniff each other under the door. I would like her to be able to come out and be in the lasix for cat house with us. Is there a way to reduce the likelihood of the foster cats transmitting a URI to my 2 cats? lasix for cat My 2 are up-to-date on all vaccinations, but would a URI booster vaccination help? (I will only foster one cat at a time but I might take 2 occasionally. All foster cats are vaccinated for upper respiratory/panleukopenia and tested for FeLV/FIV at the shelter before coming to my house.) 3. My adult male cat has had Haw's syndrome constantly lasix for cat (both eyes) and lasix for cat diarrhea lasix for cat on and off for 3-4 weeks. lasix for cat He's also lasix for cat more tired than usual, but is otherwise normal temp, eating, etc. Can he transmit this to another cat? (i.e. the lasix for cat foster cat; this would make her harder to adopt out). He just tested negative for FeLV/FIV and fecal smear and regular fecal exam were negative. lasix for cat Thank you so much for your lasix for cat time. Sarah Answer: Sarah- I appreciate your offer to pay more for the VetInfo service. Several other people have made similar suggestions and it is really a nice offer. Right now, I am lasix for cat reluctant to raise the fees, though. I lasix for cat do not wish to get into a position where I feel obligated to provide medical advice that constitutes practicing medicine lasix for cat without a license. Also, when circumstances make it so that I really can't answer questions in a timely manner, I feel a little better about the fact that I can afford lasix for cat to refund subscription prices, no questions asked, if someone gets upset by the delay and not feel too badly that I let someone down. lasix for cat At lasix for cat some point, there is a real possibility that there will lasix for cat be enough lasix for cat subscribers that I can cut down on practice responsibilities 1) a) The only thing that I can say about ventilation at shelters is that it is really worth finding an architect, or engineering firm that understands ventilation and having them design the building from the outset. I did not learn this from doing small animal medicine, though. I worked for some time as primarily a large animal veterinarian and dealt with several pig confinement units. This made lasix for cat me a deep believer lasix for cat in lasix for cat the lasix for cat importance of proper ventilation systems when trying to prevent infectious disease problems in a confined space. In lasix for cat one building, the lasix for cat farmer had made a couple small ofchanges to the building design - enlarging it slightly and narrowing the intake sites for ventilation by a small amount. These minor changes made it extremely difficult to control infectious diseases in this building. I know that many shelters are lasix for cat built with a minimum of spare funds lasix for cat -- but this is one area that shouldn't be skimped on. I have replied to a couple of people recently about controlling upper respiratory diseases in lasix for cat shelters, so you might want to check the question and lasix for cat answer page in case lasix for cat I miss something in the following outline. www.vetinfo.com/Q&A.html ,also check the infefectious disease pages FIP and Feleuk. b) It probably lasix for cat takes closer contact for upper respiratory disease transmission than veterinarians previously thought, so it may help a great deal in shelters and catteries if kittens are just kept separate from each other. Kittens from a litter could stay together, but kittens from separate litters lasix for cat should not be combined and cats should not be allowed to roam freely and interact freely, when infectious disease problems are present. c) Try to keep the moisture level down in the shelter. It is tempting to use lots of water when cleaning cages and particularly when cleaning runs, but it is better to use less water, when possible. d) Buy lots of paper towels. Use them instead of sponges, cleaning rags and other things lasix for cat that might be used to clean more than lasix for cat one cage. Throw away the paper towels immediately after lasix for cat cleaning one cage or surface. e) Wash hands frequently during the day. f) Intranasal vaccinations of rhinotrachetis lasix for cat (herpes virus) and calicivirus as soon as kittens arrive at the shelter, or when lasix for cat kittens reach 14 days of age, can help lasix for cat to slow spread of viral infections. g) If treatment with antibiotics is necessary, azithromycin (Zithromax Rx) and doxycycline are probably the best choices in lasix for cat antibiotics. Veterinarians are sometimes reluctant to use doxycycline in very young kittens due to problems with tetracyclines staining teeth during the growth stages but this isn't a big problem lasix for cat with doxycycline. 2) Vaccinations for herpes virus and calcivirus do not protect cats from lasix for cat being infected with the viruses, they mostly work lasix for cat to lasix for cat keep clinical signs of lasix for cat the infection down. So there isn't a good substitute for keeping any kittens lasix for cat that you foster lasix for cat separate from your own cats, for at least two weeks. After that, lasix for cat if they are showing no signs of disease, lasix for cat it lasix for cat is reasonable to let them cats together. Remember lasix for cat that your cats are potentially carriers of herpes virus, as well --- so they pose a small risk to the kitten, lasix for cat especially if there is sneezing or any sign of upper respiratory disease. 3) If your older cat lasix for cat has something infectious, which is possible, he could lasix for cat definitely pass it on to the kitten. lasix for cat Until you know lasix for cat what he has, you have to assume that it is best to keep them separate. Dehydration is the most common cause of both third eyelids showing, which might be a problem due lasix for cat to having diarrhea. Hope lasix for cat this helps. Mike Richards, DVM 11/5/2000 Sarah - You will find the other questions Dr Mike mentioned on the feline herpes page. http://www.vetinfo.com/cherpes.html Michal Differential for lung problems also Fabreze Question: Dr. Richards, lasix for cat I hope you can help. My cat, Fancy, after using Febreeze(that is the only thing that happened in the household that was different, and she does not go outside or have contact with strange cats), started havin resp. prob.that lasix for cat progressed from backwards sneezing to real sneezing to snotting and hard coughing. She at first lasix for cat was diagnosed with asthma, but lasix for cat that proved not to be the case. Nothing seemed to help. One day her appetite was gone, and then she went through another several blood tests, one that showed a slightly elevated white count, which lasix for cat was lowered with her third type of antibiotic. She was neg. on all feline diseases, no thyroid prob., no parasites, nothing. I even tried prednisone when she was said to have asthma, did lasix for cat not lasix for cat do anything. Gradually, after another round of antibiotics, which nearly did her in, she threw up constantly, her sneezing and snotting and coughing, slowed and then stoped, but she was left with a problem: She had lost a fair amount of weight, and needed many meals during the day. If her lasix for cat stomach got too empty, she would vomit saliva -type liquid, lasix for cat then cough maybe once or twice. It took her ages to gain back her weight, and now that that has happened, she has had a relapse, sneezing, snotting, lasix for cat etc. I'm still feeding her frequently, turkey,chicken,quality canned food, liver,etc. but she of course can't smell it as well because of her lasix for cat nose. I put her on amoxi, as a lasix for cat chance measure, she tolerates it pretty well, but so far, no change, except lasix for cat she had a runny eye 2 days ago, and that is fine now. ( She is current on all vaccines, etc.) I use homeopathics, that has helped a little in the past, so I'm doing that again also. Fancy is only 11 years old, and other than this has been in robust health. lasix for cat My mom's cat was exposed to Febreeze lasix for cat at the exact same time. She developed lasix for cat a dry cough, lost her appetite, and after many tests, lasix for cat x-rays, ultra sound, she died. She had a lung biopsy done which lasix for cat showed lasix for cat 2 necrotic lasix for cat lobes in one lung, but showed no cause. When the last doctor looked at all the lasix for cat tests, he said he couldn't believe they were from lasix for cat that cat, 'cause the blood tests, etc. showed no disease,or anything. Her cat lasix for cat was only 8 lasix for cat years old, had always been in great health, no lasix for cat problems, and our two cats never had any contact. I hope you can help, I'm out lasix for cat of ideas. I'm pretty animal health smart, I breed and raise sport horses, have dogs, large birds, ducks, cats, on and on, and this is one problem lasix for cat that has remained a total mystery. Thank you for caring about the furry creatures, Dini Answer: Dini- I may not be able to lasix for cat help very much but I can provide a list of possible causes of lung pathology and some differentials (possible lasix for cat diagnoses) for the problem in your cat. I can not say that Fabreze (tm) is not the cause of the lasix for cat problems observed, but it would be unusual if it was. There was a widespread internet and print rumor concerning Fabreze lasix for cat this spring and the National Animal Poison Control Center lasix for cat had lasix for cat no cases that lasix for cat suggested a strong lasix for cat link to this product. With the widespread pressure to look for cases, I think that if there was a strong toxic problem it would have surfaced. Less common reactions, such as an individual who hypersensitive to lasix for cat the lasix for cat product may occur so infrequently that they don't even show up when larger scale investigations are undertaken. In your cat's case, one lasix for cat thing that I lasix for cat thought about was a nasal polyp. These can be very hard to find, they can cause nasal irritation, difficulty swallowing with resulting weight loss and choking or coughing sounds. The signs are sometimes intermittent but it does lasix for cat seem strange that your cat has experienced a long remission over lasix for cat the last few weeks. These can usually be seen when a cat is anesthetized and examined but it can take an endoscopic examination to find them. Heartworm disease seems possible with the signs you have seen, if you live in a heartworm endemic area. Cats do go through very rough periods when an adult heartworm dies and they may have more than one worm, making lasix for cat it possible to do badly, lasix for cat seem to recover, lasix for cat then do badly again. If there are X-rays on file of the chest, a radiologist can tell if this diagnosis is likely or your vet can look for signs of it, such as enlargement of the caudal pulmonary arteries. It lasix for cat is not always possible lasix for cat to detect this problem with X-rays. lasix for cat It is often possible to find it with ultrasound exam and serology (blood testing) is frequently helpful, as well. The two retroviruses, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) can lead to on again, off again illnesses. Of these lasix for cat FeLV is more likely to produce the signs you have seen. Feline herpes virus lasix for cat is very likely to cause recurrent upper lasix for cat respiratory infections but the most severe of these usually occur in young kittens and chronic recurrent severe infections lasix for cat usually occur primarily in cats who had severe infections as kittens. Sometimes there is a long gap between the initial infection and subsequent severe signs, but this is fairly rare. I actually think this is very likely to be at least part of Fancy's problem based on the history but can not be sure of that, obviously. Asthma does usually respond to prednisone but it is hard to say it isn't present based on no response to this medication alone. A tracheal wash examination can be helpful in identifying signs of this condition and also helpful lasix for cat in finding infectious causes and other lasix for cat inflammatory conditions affecting the airways. Feline infectious peritonitis is always a possible problem when there is severe illness. lasix for cat It is very hard to diagnose and sure diagnosis lasix for cat is usually only possible by post-mortem exam. I think this is lasix for cat not highly likely but it has to be included in the list of possible problems. Cancer is a very common cause of nasal discharge in older cats. You didn't say lasix for cat how old Fancy lasix for cat is, so this may or lasix for cat may not lasix for cat apply. Cancer does not cause much change in lab work in most cases. It lasix for cat can be very hard to find on X-rays. Sometimes, we just lasix for cat back into this diagnosis by eliminating all the other possibilities. The weight loss and need for frequent lasix for cat meals might be due to hepatic lipidosis, a condition that complicates many chronic illnesses in cats. Hepatic lipidosis lasix for cat does not always cause significant alterations in blood enzyme levels usually associated with the liver, making it hard to diagnose. However, the treatment lasix for cat is to feed a lasix for cat cat and if the cat will eat, the disease should clear up with time. These are the things I can think of that might fit the problems lasix for cat you are seeing in Fancy. There are many more possible problems, I'm sure. In this sort of situation it sometimes helps a great deal to ask for referral to a veterinary school or a large lasix for cat referral center. This gives the opportunity for several specialists lasix for cat to see a patient at the same place, which can be very helpful in finding a lasix for cat diagnosis. Your mom's cat could have had heartworm disease, as well, although lasix for cat it is usually possible to find the worms on a necropsy (post-mortem) exam. Pneumonia is not unlikely and it can occur for a number of reasons. There are one or two reports of toxoplasmosis (a disease from protozoan parasites) causing pancreatitis, gastrointestinal signs and pneumonia, with necrosis of the lungs. This lasix for cat disorder often has neurologic lasix for cat signs associated with it, lasix for cat as well. Fungal diseases, especially cryptococcosis, can cause necrotic pneumonias in cats. There is lasix for cat one report of a virus similar to cowpox causing lung necrosis in one cat. (Hinrichs et al, 1999). Sometimes it does appear that a stray virus does cause problems in one patient or a small number of lasix for cat patients even though it is not lasix for cat widely recognized as a pathogen lasix for cat for a species. I hope this helps some. Mike Richards, DVM 8/18/2000 Increased respiratory rates (tachypnea) Question: Dear Dr. Richards: I'm happy to find your service and hope I can give you enough information lasix for cat so that you can help me. We lasix for cat found Toot 8 years ago in our neighbors garage...he was a kitten lasix for cat with a broken leg and a big mouth. He is an extremely smart, communicative cat and I'm in a dilemma about treatment for lasix for cat his current problem. Toot is a DSH, neutered, indoor cat. A year ago, before we moved to this condo, lasix for cat he would escape whenever an unwitting guest came in the front door. But since the move to the condo, he is strictly indoors. His vaccinations lasix for cat are current although I have held him off his renewals this lasix for cat year until this problem lasix for cat is resolved. For about a year, I have noticed his rapid breathing. His flanks would move twice as fast as our other lasix for cat cats' flanks and when he slept next to me, I lasix for cat could hear lasix for cat his breath....somewhat like mothers in natural childbirth are required to do. At that time, there was a "nasal-y" sound to it too....almost like a snore..breaths very lasix for cat staccato. A veterinary oncologist/internal medicine examined him in January 2000...performed a rhinoscopy and subsequently removed lasix for cat his left tonsil and mass/stalk that was causing gagging. Actually, he wasn't gagging....just chewing as if lasix for cat he had a mouthful of peanut butter. He still does this when stressed or stimulated visually with food...hard to figure out. The tonsil was, according to the vet, a long flap down his throat. A biopsy returned negative for lasix for cat cancer. The right tonsil, although a tad lasix for cat enlarged, was OK and left intact. A look around his soft pallette lasix for cat revealed nothing lasix for cat unusual. Toot has no temperature, never coughs, only occasionally sneezes, no watery eyes, fur looks good, is a bit over-weight, begs for wheat grass that I grow for him...eats Scienct Diet S/D kibbles and Friskies canned plus fresh cooked chicken, has no lasix for cat litter box problems. His ONLY problem is this rapid breathing which is double fast when he TRIES to purr. His purring mechanism has been on the bum since the breathing problem. He recovered from the tonsilectomy well but his rapid breathing remained or returned. An x-ray showed what looked to me like stretch marks in a part of his lungs...Dr. W performed a tracheal wash and took a culture. The fluid from his lungs was clear so we eliminated lasix for cat viral. There was inflammation with no bacterial in the culture. He responded somewhat to the trach wash and seemed fairly OK with not AS rapid breathing and certainly normal behavior. Dr. W said his x-rays looked better. She gave him a lasix for cat steroid injection. lasix for cat A month later, his breathing was faster again and lasix for cat in we lasix for cat went. At that time, Dr. W said he's due for a shot again anyway....I asked her what shot and she lasix for cat apologized for not telling me that he needed Depo Medrol lasix for cat every 2-3 weeks. At that point, I moved to a veterinarian I had wanted to try....because Dr. W was extremely busy with 3 patients at a time when we would go...I thought another doctor would have lasix for cat more time to research the problem. Dr. Wk took no x-rays, referring only to Dr. W records, prescribed prednisone...20 mg/day for 30 days. He gave lasix for cat Toot an initial injection plus an antibiotic injection, tested (negative) for heartworm and FIV. Next day, Toot's breathing was FASTER so I phoned Dr. Wk. He dismissed it as a sometimes reaction to the steroid and said hold off on pilling until next day. The next day I gave him a whole pill and read up on prednisone. Not liking what I read about long-term results, I initiated my own regime of 1/2 tablet every other lasix for cat day...hoping that would do something for his breathing but be more gentle. I did continue with the lasix for cat Clavamox until gone...2 x/day. Toot seemed very happy, very up as steroids would do...breathing still rapid....would play at night aggressively, followed me everywhere, verbal as always for food, food, food. At check up with Dr. lasix for cat Wks 8/3/200, I admitted to lower doses of prednisone and my dislike for it so Dr. Wk, without x-ray or any other test, administered an antihistamine injection and sent us home with 40 Atarax 10 mg pills...to give 3x day. Also, nothing was mentioned about the danger of abruptly stopping prednisone so I asked. lasix for cat He said since I had given him a quarter tablet two days ago, that was OK...we lasix for cat could stop. The lasix for cat Atarax pulled Toot way down....his heart sounded like a vibrator but his eyes were dilated and he was not even closing his mouth all the way. Appetite still good, attitude bad. Slept lasix for cat all day. I gave him only ONE tablet in lasix for cat the morning and then quit. I did give him 1/4 tablet prednisone and wonder about continuing that at 1/2 or 1/4 until they are gone. He is better today but not as lasix for cat he was lasix for cat pre-antihistamine. His breathing is stacatto...a bit labored. He lasix for cat doesn't cough, he's hungry, his fur looks good. Our condo has carpet and a bit of mildew smell even tho we run the A/C very cold. We are moving to NC into the mountains in two months...temporarily to a home with carpet until lasix for cat our new home is built. lasix for cat The new home - to be completed in March - will have hard wood floors. If Toot's problem is lasix for cat allergies, this may help him. Do you think he should be tested for lung worm or enlarged heart ...should we check lasix for cat for carbon dioxide (a blood gas sample). Sorry to be so wordy. Hope you can make sense of this. Thanks... Donna Answer: Donna- It is often very hard to obtain a diagnosis for a patient with increased respiratory rates (tachypnea) and no other sign of illness. It help lasix for cat some to think about what might cause this problem. Usually, this lasix for cat occurs because there is inefficient oxygenation of the blood, for some reason. The general categories of problems that can lead to this are respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular disease, anemias, cancers or space occupying lesions in the chest and anatomical problems such as pectus excavatum, a condition in which the sternum is improperly formed and restricts lasix for cat the size of the lasix for cat chest cavity. Chest wall trauma that lasix for cat did not heal lasix for cat properly, may also lasix for cat lead to restrictions in the ability to move air through the thorax. lasix for cat In dogs we lasix for cat see lasix for cat this problem due to laryngeal paralysis lasix for cat sometimes, but I can't lasix for cat recall a cat exhibiting these lasix for cat signs from that cause. Hormonal diseases, especially hyperthyroidism in cats, can lead to increased respiratory rate. Increased respiratory rates seem to occur in some liver disorders and a portosystemic shunt can cause lasix for cat this sign. It would be a little strange to find this problem in an older cts but it sometimes isn't causing much problem and is diagnosed late in life. Finally, obesity, all by itself, can lead to respiratory problems. It was good to find the nasal or tonsillar polyp and disappointing that it doesn't appear to have been the problem, although there are cats that have more than one polyp. lasix for cat Our experience has been that polyps usually cause the persistent swallowing problem you saw, sometimes cause coughing or nasal discharge and may produce audible upper respiratory sounds (such as snoring) but do lasix for cat not usually lead to tachypnea, even though it does seem possible as a symptom of this disorder. Lung problems sufficient to cause increased respiratory rates usually do show up lasix for cat on X-rays. It may be lasix for cat worth taking films again and sending the previous films and the new ones to a radiologist for review. A tracheal wash was a good idea. Infectious and lasix for cat inflammatory diseases both cause changes in lasix for cat lung and tracheobronchial tissues that can be detected by lasix for cat tracheal wash. Lungworms do occur in cats, especially in lasix for cat the South, and are hard to diagnose. We sometimes lasix for cat resort to just treating for these worms to see what happens. Once in a while this really seems to help a patient. Usually we see patients with lungworms initially for coughing, though. Pectus excavatum is a malformation of the chest caused by improper formation of the sternum. Usually this is really obvious lasix for cat on a lasix for cat physical exam with the lasix for cat chest having a sort of "caved in" feeling if felt from top to bottom and a flattened feeling if felt from side to side. I doubt this was missed, but it sometimes causes really increased respiratory rates without any other clinical lasix for cat signs. Cardiovascular disease would be lasix for cat a major concern, in my mind, since very good testing has been done to try to eliminate respiratory disease and nothing has been found. The initial best test for cardiovascular disease is simply careful auscultation of the heart. If any murmur can be detected, if lasix for cat the heart rate is too slow or too fast, if there are heartbeats without corresponding pulses or any other lasix for cat abnormality, then heart disease would be more likely. I am pretty sure your vets have already done this, though. The best definitive test for heart lasix for cat disease in a cat is cardiac ultrasound exam. In lasix for cat potentially subtle cases of heart disease it is probably best to have a cardiologist examine the patient. After all that Toot has been lasix for cat through, if he has cardiac disease lasix for cat it probably should be considered to be subtle. Anemia and hormonal problems are diagnosed through blood work. I would want to check for hyperthyroidism, especially if Toot is lasix for cat losing weight. It might be worth checking for hyperadrenocorticism, as well, even though this is not too common in cats. It causes panting lasix for cat in dogs but I do not know if that is a consistent finding in lasix for cat cats. Cancers and lasix for cat chest wall injuries probably would have been visible on the previous X-rays but it still might be worth rechecking for these problems. I do prefer alternate day use of corticosteroids. It is usually safe to discontinue these, even abruptly, when they are being used lasix for cat every other day. I haven't had much luck with antihistamines for respiratory problems in cats but some vets report success. I realize that I have advocated a number of possible diagnostic options. I think I'd be willing to try the simple things first since this has been going on for lasix for cat some time. So deworming, rechecking the radiographs and running a general blood panel with T4 (thyroid) measurement would be a reasonable way lasix for cat to start. Then I think I'd advocate referral to a cardiologist. You and your vet, who can examine Toot and see what the clinical signs lasix for cat are, may think that a different lasix for cat order of testing is better. In any case, getting a diagnosis is best, if possible, even though lasix for cat it can be a very frustrating process. You have a good start lasix for cat on it --- lots of things have been eliminated as possibilities -- it is just frustrating that it hasn't helped yet. Unfortunately, I lasix for cat think that is normal for the diagnostic process for this sort of problem. It takes a lasix for cat lot of luck to find the cause early in the diagnostic process. I hope this helps some. Mike Richards, DVM 8/10/2000 "Reverse sneezing" or paroxysmal respiration in a cat Q: Dr. Mike, We have 12 year old kitty, Runty (for obvious reasons) who has always done this weird kind of reverse sneeze. Her whole body shakes, and for a moment or two lasix for cat after it is over, she swallows as if lasix for cat she has a bad taste lasix for cat in lasix for cat her mouth. Our vet doesn't seem too concerned, but then he's had to rely on our descriptions - she's not good enough to do it in his office. This happens anywhere from one a week, to daily at times, and I can't find a real pattern. do you have any ideas at all? she likes to eat and play lasix for cat (altho she lasix for cat has gotten a bit slower lasix for cat and slimmer as she gets older). thanks for your help...Leslie A: Leslie I like to see videotapes of stuff that only happens at home lasix for cat if clients have a lasix for cat camcorder and can get lasix for cat them lasix for cat for me. "Reverse sneezing" or paroxysmal respiration is not unusual in dogs but we don't see it all that often lasix for cat in cats. In dogs it is not usually harmful. Cats are a little more prone to lasix for cat respiratory signs when they have allergies so antihistamines may be helpful if that is part of the problem. Ask your vet about this lasix for cat if the problem is worse seasonally or other signs of allergy are present. It is hard to diagnose intermittent problems and since most of these sorts of things aren't too harmful it is hard to get your vet to look into them in detail. Most vets really do hate to propose a detailed diagnostic plan for a problem that they aren't going to need to treat or can't treat -- clients just don't like expensive bills lasix for cat when there isn't a cure. Mike Richards, DVM Feline Bordetella Q: A number of cases of feline bordetella have been diagnosed in my area. As I operate a cat shelter, I'm looking for info on this bacteria and how best to treat it should it occur. We've had 4 kittens die of what lasix for cat was diagnosed as bacterial pneumonia and I'm concerned for the population that was in the same room as lasix for cat this group. Any info you can give would be helpful. Thanks. Wendy A: Wendy- I am sorry that this response has taken so long. I put this one aside because I have seen a fairly detailed article on lasix for cat this condition recently and I haven't been able to locate it. I'll give you the best summary that I can from memory and if I find that I have forgotten something or made a mistake in summarizing the information I will get back to you. Bordetella bacterial infections in cats are not common except in certain circumstances. The most likely place for a cat to become infected is an animal shelter. In shelter circumstances it may make sense to lasix for cat vaccinate for this bacteria if the disease appears to be present. Upper respiratory infections in cats are still predominantly viral infections in most instances, especially if they lasix for cat are chronic infections. Coughing is not a common sign in viral lasix for cat upper respiratory infections but it is a definite sign of Bordetella infection. So in a shelter situation in which there are a lot of coughing lasix for cat cats, there is a good possibility that Bordetella is the problem. This lasix for cat may also be true of catteries with a number of cats. Outside of these two circumstances it is likely that Bordetella is a rare cause of disease in cats. Adult cats appear to suffer transient coughing from Bordetella infections, lasting as long as six weeks in some situations but usually being of shorter duration than this. Kittens do seem to be lasix for cat particularly susceptible to this infection and when there are coughing adult lasix for cat cats and dying kittens the possibility that Bordetella is a cause is higher than with either of the above problems alone. At this time I don't think that it is possible to know for sure if lasix for cat vaccinating young kittens will successfully control infection and prevent many of the deaths in this age group. As lasix for cat the vaccine is used more the success rate lasix for cat will become more apparent. I wanted to put some information into this note about lasix for cat controlling infectious diseases in shelter situations but I want to research that a little more. I do intend to cover this topic in an upcoming VetInfo Digest, though. If I don't do it in the next couple of issues please remind me. Mike Richards, DVM Chronic rhinitis/sinusitis in cats Q: Dear Dr. Mike, My 12-year-old cat has a problem, which my vet diagnosed as allergies. He snores and grunts and he's awake, when he's asleep, and lasix for cat when he purrs. His eyes are perpetually runny and he occasionally sneezes. He does not cough and his appetite is good. Allergies are really common in people in this area, lasix for cat as we have a lot of mold in the winter and pollen in lasix for cat the summer from grass seed growers. But I have never heard that older cats can have respiratory allergies as well. lasix for cat I was told to treat his allergies with chlorpheniramine 2 mg 2x/day, which is supposedly safe for cats with no side effects, but this cat really was put out by the medication. Last summer he was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for which he was successfully treated with radioactive iodine. The snoring problem began before that but has worsened. I lasix for cat am wondering if this problem could be indicative lasix for cat of cardiomyopathy, which may have happened as a result of his hyperthyroidism, or of fluid around his lungs. Also, could the radioactive iodine have harmed his ability to purr? Any advice is well appreciated. Thank you lasix for cat in advance! Judy A: Judy- I lasix for cat apologize in advance lasix for cat for the length of this reply. I am hoping that you will be able to sort through this information and make a plan with your vet to work towards finding a diagnosis and/or treatment for your cat's problem. There are a number of possible causes of chronic rhinitis/sinusitis in cats. The first consideration in deciding which of the possible problems is present is to answer this question lasix for cat as accurately as you possibly can. Was this problem present intermittently or continuously throughout your cat's life or did this problem start in the last two years or so? The reason this is critically important is that the most common cause of lasix for cat chronic rhinitis in cats is probably rhinotracheitis virus (and sometimes calicivirus) infection. This usually starts early in life and is often intermittent in nature lasix for cat at first but then eventually becomes persistent in some cats. If this is the case it lasix for cat is unlikely that the infection will be cleared up at this time. It lasix for cat may be managed, sometimes very effectively, though. Often the viral infection will lasix for cat lead to lasix for cat secondary bacterial infection and tissue changes lasix for cat that make it easy for bacterial infections to recur. One method of helping with this problem is to use an antibiotic, azithromycin (Zithromax Rx, Azithromycin Rx) on a lasix for cat once-weekly basis to help control secondary infections. I have seen anecdotal references to the success of this antibiotic in some lasix for cat cats but have not seen a scientific study done in cats that supports its use. There are studies in humans to support similar use in our species. In addition, there may be some benefit from using l-lysine, which inhibits viral replication of herpes virus lasix for cat to some degree. Antihistamines are sometimes helpful. Chlorpheniramine is commonly recommended for cats. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed Tm)is also sometimes helpful. Neosynephrine (Afrin) nasal drops have also lasix for cat been advocated for lasix for cat use in chronic rhinitis. In some lasix for cat cases corticosteroids may be helpful but should be used with caution. Dexamethasone ophthalmic drops may be used intranasally or even lasix for cat intra-ocularly if the tear ducts are patent. Temeril-P, a lasix for cat combination antihistamine/corticosteroid has been advocated at times for this condition as well. If this condition did start later in lasix for cat your cat's life it is not impossible that it is still a chronic viral lasix for cat infection but it is less likely. In that case it is more important to consider a number of other possible problems. (The diagnostic process may lasix for cat be worthwhile even if it seems like chronic viral infection is likely). The other lasix for cat possible problems include the following diseases and disorders and probably others: periodontal disease or other dental disease, cancer affecting the nasal passages or sinuses, fungal infections lasix for cat such as Cryptococcus, Sporothrix, Aspergillus and Histoplasma, capillariasis (a parasite), allergic rhinitis, lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis and sometimes causes such as traumatic injuries to the sinuses or disorders that lead to lasix for cat chronic vomiting and secondary irritation lasix for cat to the nasal passages. Sorting through all of these problems can be a time consuming process. A thorough history must by taken to try to get an idea of which disorder is most likely based on the duration of the problem and the progression of the signs. A lasix for cat physical examination should be as complete as possible, with attention paid to dental problems, changes in the shape of the head, lymph node involvement and signs of systemic illness. Screening blood panels may be helpful, although most of the time this is probably not true. Determining feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus status may be helpful. X-rays can be helpful but can lasix for cat be difficult to read. We take X-rays and then send them to a radiologist for evaluation in most cases due to this. Flushing of the nasal passages can sometimes be useful, lasix for cat especially if tumor material or fungal elements are found in the fluid recovered after flushing. lasix for cat Examination of the nasal passages by endoscopy can be helpful. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomagraphy (CT) examination can also be very helpful. Allergy testing may be helpful as well. Much of this work can be done by general veterinary practitioners and some requires referral to a veterinary referral center or veterinary college. It may or may not be necessary to do it lasix for cat all, depending on what is found as the process unfolds. After having lasix for cat said all that it is necessary to point out a couple of things. The first is that your cat might not have rhinitis with the signs you are seeing, although it seems likely. Chronic conjunctivitis, leading to the runny eyes, is even more likely to be from chronic viral infection, although allergic conjunctivitis does seem to occur -- but not that commonly -- in cats. I have not heard of this sort of thing lasix for cat as a side effect of radioactive lasix for cat iodine therapy. Cardiomyopathy seems to be able to cause a lot of symptoms but also seems to be unlikely since treatment for hyperthyroidism usually allows secondary cardiomyopathy to resolve. I know that this is has been a long note and that it has covered some material that may not be relevant to your cat's problem. However, this issue is complex enough that you have to consider all possibilities and it often takes a lasix for cat concerted effort to sort through all of them. Hope this lasix for cat helps. Mike Richards, DVM Pleural effusion - Chylous or Pseudochylous Q: Dear Dr. Richards: Our cat, Suggy, had a hacking lasix for cat cough for several months. Our lasix for cat vet. thought he had hairballs lasix for cat so she gave us some hairball medicine. The hacking cough persisted. We took him to the Vet again, and she said that maybe it was an allergy. lasix for cat So, she gave him an antihistamine shot. The cough disappeared, but about two weeks after, Suggy started having trouble breathing. We took him to the vet. again. She found milky fluid in his lungs and recommended that we give him Bactril and take him for a chest X-ray. Then, she said that what he really needed was an ultrasound. We took him for an lasix for cat ultrasound. The second vet. found lasix for cat more fluid in his lung. He thought Suggy may have a mass on his lasix for cat right lung. He said that all lasix for cat we could do was wait two weeks and bring him lasix for cat back for another ultrasound. By this time, lasix for cat Suggy had stopped eating and barely drank. He was growing weaker everyday. Three days after the lasix for cat ultrasound, he was not lasix for cat able to breath again. We took him to the first vet. lasix for cat (our mistake, we should have taken him to the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital) lasix for cat who said that he still had fluid in his lungs, this time of a clear color. Two days after the first vet. sent Suggy home, we had to rush him to the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary lasix for cat Hospital. He could barely keep his head up, could lasix for cat barely breath, and had not eaten or drank in days. At the Penn Vet. lasix for cat Hospital, he was placed in an oxygen cage in the emergency room. The emergency room doctor said that lasix for cat she needed to run some diagnostic tests to find out exactly what was causing Suggy's CHYLOUS EFFUSION. She said that lasix for cat we still lasix for cat had a small chance of helping him recover. The next day, Suggy had been moved to Intensive Care. The Intensive Care doctor said there was nothing else she could do - if she tried to do some diagnostic work lasix for cat on Suggy that he may suffer from cardiac arrest. She said he was lasix for cat too weak for her lasix for cat to do anything. We had to agree to Suggy being put to sleep on Friday, July 31, 1998. Our lasix for cat question now is: don't you lasix for cat think our first lasix for cat vet. should have clearly stated that fluid in the lungs is CHYLOUS EFFUSION, that we needed to ASAP find out what was causing it to treat it? If we had had the diagnostic work done on Suggy while he was still a strong, otherwise healthy, cat then maybe we could have started him on treatment before he was too weak to lasix for cat hold his head up. What do you think, Dr. Richards? We are thinking of writing a "disappointment" letter to our first vet.,with a cc: to the Veterinary Licensing lasix for cat Board in Harrisburg, PA, stating how we wish she would have given us the full picture when Suggy first started hacking and when she lasix for cat first lasix for cat tapped the milky fluid. Thank you for your attention to this message. We really appreciate your lasix for cat concern. Mournfully yours, Frances A: Frances- I can not lasix for cat tell for sure from reading your email whether the effusion was a chylous effusion or a pseudochylous effusion. The first is a specific condition involving leakage of chyle into the pleural space and the second is effusion that looks like chyle but isn't, which can lasix for cat occur with other diseases. Due to the difficulty in lasix for cat explaining pleural effusions I lasix for cat think it is important lasix for cat to start with an explanation lasix for cat of how the pleural lining normally functions and then try to explain what can go wrong and what the results are. lasix for cat This will make it easier to understand why your question is harder to answer than many that are sent to our lasix for cat web site. The lasix for cat pleura is the lining of the chest cavity and the lungs. It is a thin layer of specialized cells that coats the inside of the body wall (the parietal pleura) and then in lasix for cat a continuous sheet also covers the lungs (the visceral pleura). lasix for cat The pleura in cats does not segment itself completely into a right and left side so cats usually lasix for cat do not have pleural effusions on one side only as happens in lasix for cat some species. Dogs also have connections between the pleura of the right and left sides of their thorax so they are similar in this aspect. This is really simplistic but it might help to think of the pleura as a bag stuffed between and adhered to the lungs on one side and the body wall on the other. The pleura normally lasix for cat produces fluid and the fluid is normally absorbed. When things are working right, there is a small amount of fluid present to lubricate the two sides of the lasix for cat pleura lasix for cat so they can rub smoothly over each other. In general, the parietal pleura produces more fluid than the visceral pleura and this produces a flow of fluid across the pleural space from the body wall into the lungs as the visceral pleura absorbs the fluid through small capillaries and lymphatic vessels. Even though only a small amount of fluid is present in the pleural lasix for cat space at any one time a lot of fluid crosses the space. Fluid accumulates in the pleura space when the production and lasix for cat absorption processes get out of synch. lasix for cat This can happen when too much fluid lasix for cat is produced by either side of the pleura. It can happen lasix for cat when the pleura can't absorb the fluid as it normally would but production of fluid remains normal. In some cases there are disturbances in lasix for cat fluid production and in fluid absorption which can lead to pretty rapid accumulations of fluid and severe respiratory distress as the fluid makes it impossible for the lungs to expand. Heart failure, usually from cardiomyopathy in cats, is one lasix for cat cause of changes in lasix for cat the fluid pressures. As the heart function decreases blood accumulates in the lungs lasix for cat because it isn't lasix for cat being pumped out of them. This raises the blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries which normally drain the fluid from the visceral pleura. The pressure in the parietal pleura vessels may remain the same or lessen. This makes it impossible for the fluid to flow from the parietal pleura to the visceral pleura so it just accumulates between the two sides. If the lymphatic vessels leak or if the pressure in these vessels increases so that they can't absorb fluid then the pressure changes for a different reason lasix for cat but the effect is the lasix for cat same. Without the help of the lymphatic vessels to drain fluid, there is lasix for cat not enough movement of fluid into the visceral pleura and once lasix for cat again, lasix for cat the lasix for cat result is accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. True chylothorax occurs when the lymphatic vessels are torn or leak for some reason. Pseudochylothorax occurs as a secondary change after another type of effusion has lasix for cat occurred. Fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity can be lasix for cat classified several ways. It can be convenient lasix for cat to think of the fluid as either a transudate (fluid accumulation with very few cells in it and low protein, usually the result of pressure changes only), modified transudates (fluid with some cells in it and lasix for cat higher protein) and exudates (fluid with lots of cells, lasix for cat even higher protein and generally too cloudy or turbid to see through). Low blood protein levels are the lasix for cat usual suspect when there is fluid that can really be lasix for cat called a transudate. Modified transudates occur with lots of diseases, including cardiomyopathy, heart failure for other reasons, lung damage for any reason, diaphragmatic hernias, cancer, hyperthyroidism in cats, heartworm disease, feline infectious peritonitis, feline leukemia virus (usually lasix for cat due to lymphoma), trauma, bleeding disorders and probably other stuff. Exudates occur for most of the reasons above if the disease process continues long enough. The modified transudate may be present for a long time prior to the disease worsening or may be a very brief stage in the march towards an exudative process. Some lasix for cat disorders start out as lasix for cat exudates. Chylothorax due to damage to the lymphatic vessels from trauma, cancer or for no apparent reason is an exudate right from the start. Pleural abscesses and infective material from wounds to the lasix for cat chest lasix for cat are lasix for cat exudates right from the start, too. Whether the disorder lasix for cat is a transudate, a modified transudate or an exudate, it is lasix for cat an effusion if lasix for cat abnormal amounts of fluid are accumulating in the pleural space. By withdrawing some of the fluid from a pleural effusion and lasix for cat examining it for cells, protein levels, color, odor and specific gravity, it is often possible to make a pretty good guess as to the cause of the lasix for cat fluid accumulation. If the fluid contains cancer cells, if it is a true lasix for cat chylous exudate or if it looks like and smells like pus examination of the fluid gives a strong clue as to what is lasix for cat going on. It is hard to differentiate between chylous effusions and pseudochylous effusions based on appearance alone. It is possible to get some lasix for cat idea of what the fluid is by letting it lasix for cat sit overnight and looking for separation of a "cream" layer or by mixing the fluid with ether to see if it clears. Most practices don't have ether around anymore, though. Submitting the fluid for lab evaluation is helpful because true chyle is high in triglycerides and low lasix for cat in cholesterol. Pseudochyle is lower in triglycerides and higher in cholesterol. I lasix for cat am not sure why your vet or the vet who did the ultrasound exam did not attempt to identify the fluid or did not tell you what it was if they did. I am lasix for cat also not absolutely lasix for cat certain that the vet at the University of Pennsylvania was certain that the lasix for cat fluid was a true chylous effusion at the time that the comment was made (if it was made just after lasix for cat withdrawing the fluid as it appears to have been in your note) -- the diagnostic tests might have been necessary lasix for cat to determine whether the fluid lasix for cat was a chylous effusion or a pseudochylous effusion, especially with the history of it being clear the last time your vet took a sample. The problem in answering your question is this: was the fluid really chyle? If so, then early aggressive treatment may lasix for cat have helped but medical treatment for chylous effusions is pretty difficult and works best when the effusion is occurring due to trauma that can heal itself. Surgical treatment isn't highly successful but can be attempted when medical treatment isn't working well. If the fluid was a pseudochyle, why was it occurring? If an underlying cause could have been identified and treated then there may have been some hope. If the cause was cancer or severe cardiomyopathy then a good outcome was still pretty unlikely. If a necropsy (autopsy) lasix for cat was done then you may know the answer to these questions. If so, it would be best to review it and to try to make an assessment of the likelihood that treatment would have been successful. There is more likelihood that the outcome would have been the same than that successful lasix for cat long-term treatment could have lasix for cat been achieved but it might help to know that for sure. I think that it would have been best if your vet had realized that you wanted to treat this situation as aggressively as possible. It is easy for general practitioners in veterinary medicine to assume that people do not want to pursue lasix for cat aggressive diagnostic processes and aggressive lasix for cat therapies where lasix for cat the potential for a good outcome lasix for cat is small. Despite this, it is important lasix for cat to remember that some lasix for cat clients do want to go all out and to keep an open mind about that. It is also fair to expect your vet to make an attempt to explain the disease process so that you can understand it and make decisions accordingly. It is also pretty easy to make statements that are lasix for cat more definitive than the lasix for cat situation warrants when treating emergencies or in intensive care situations. It seems possible that this happened, too. For this reason, it is equally important for there to be follow-up and an explanation lasix for cat of whatever lab tests were done when a patient lasix for cat dies. It is too late to change the situation now, but your email reinforces the need for veterinary clients lasix for cat to to remember lasix for cat that there are specialists in veterinary medicine lasix for cat and that asking for referral to one lasix for cat when any treatment or lasix for cat diagnostic process doesn't seem to be working well is a reasonable thing to do. It is not necessary to wait lasix for cat for your vet to suggest this. I am sorry to hear of your loss. I hope that this explanation isn't burdensome. It would be best to contact your vet, either by letter or in person, to discuss lasix for cat all of this and to help to resolve whether more could have been done. If there was never a definitive diagnosis, either through the labwork done at the University of Pennsylvania or through an autopsy exam, it may be impossible to ever know for sure whether the outcome could have been changed. That would be true even in most cases in which true chylothorax was present or a disease lasix for cat process severe enough to cause a pseudochylous lasix for cat effusion was present due to the difficulty in treating many of lasix for cat the underlying disease processes. It is very very difficult to live with uncertainty in lasix for cat the death of a pet and I know that is lasix for cat making this whole thing harder for you. I lasix for cat hope that you do find some resolution through discussing this with your lasix for cat vet or the vets at the University of Pennsylvania. Mike Richards, DVM Chylothorax Q: Mike, My 5 yr. old male cat has been diagnosed with chylothorax. He had lasix for cat trouble breathing and the did a chest tap after looking at x-rays. The vet put us on a wait and see after talking to vets at Michigan State. He's become very depresed and doesn't eat. It's been about 3 weeks lasix for cat now and he's been tapped lasix for cat 4 times. He seems to breath easier after, but still doesn't eat. lasix for cat Today the vet put in a feeding tube to get some food in him. We were force feeding him, but he lasix for cat got too hard to continue this way. He's a very easy going cat, but this is alot for him to handle. Have you ever lasix for cat seen this fixed without surgury. What about diaretics? He's probably too weak for surgury, lasix for cat so any ideas would be great. Also, would you have any idea of any other experts to talk to. Thanks, lasix for cat Jeff A: To the best of my knowledge idiopathic (no cause) chylothorax in cats is lasix for cat somewhat responsive lasix for cat to low fat diets like Hill's r/d (tm). Some cats will be controlled through diet alone but some will not. Surgical correction of lasix for cat the condition is indicated in that case. I do not know of a consistently successful medical therapy but benzopyrone (Rutin Rx) has been advocated and may be beneficial as well. In lasix for cat cats, lymphoma associated with feline leukemia virus, cardiomyopathy, heartworms, and tumors in the chest are the most common identifiable underlying causes of this condition. Looking for lasix for cat them is important when chylothorax is present. I hope some progress has been made towards resolution of this problem since you wrote. Mike Richards, DVM Antibiotic treatment for rhinotracheitis Q: Dear Mr. Richards, I have perhaps an old lasix for cat story to tell you or, perhaps, lasix for cat not that uninteresting one. In the course of events after lasix for cat the unfortunate development with the cat of mine the cat was treated with antibiotics lasix for cat (synulox resp. amoxicylin & clavuline acid) 80mg twice a day, lasix for cat and prednisolon tablets 5mg once a day for three weeks, then softly reduced to 3/4, after a week 1/2, after a week 1/4, after a week 1/4 lasix for cat tbl.once in two days. It happened that after the described treatment the 11 years old rhinotracheitis was gone, speaking in terms of acute signs (nose, eyes etc). Namely, up to now I have been told , that there is lasix for cat no lasix for cat medicine lasix for cat against the (viral) rhinotracheitis except paliative therapy. I can not say, if this is really something new, it was new to me. I will be glad, if you lasix for cat could use the information somehow resp. if I am actually telling you a good news. I wish you a lasix for cat nice day and thanks a lot again With friendly greetings Lado A: Lado, Thank-you for the update. The amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Clavamox Rx here in the U.S.) combination is a good antibiotic for upper lasix for cat respiratory infections. I am surprised it would lasix for cat work so well in a case as chronic as yours, but lasix for cat we lasix for cat will post this note on our site to encourage people to keep trying! This is a safe antibiotic to use long-term lasix for cat or repeatedly, if necessary. Hopefully it will continue to work well. It lasix for cat really won't work against the viral component of the infection if rhinotracheitis continues to be a problem but a lot of the time, the secondary infections are causing most of the signs. Mike Richards, lasix for cat DVM Vague upper respiratory lasix for cat condition Q: Dr. Mike, Our adult cat is lasix for cat displaying symptoms analogous to that of lasix for cat sinus congestion. Otherwise, he is perfectly fine. I vaguely remember hearing that similar symptoms can lasix for cat arise from a kind of worm infestation. An important characteristic, however, is that these symptoms are intermittent, not continuous. I happened to lasix for cat recently lasix for cat examine his stool, and did not discover anything noticeable. Is there some cursory way of delineating between a minor problem (allergies, sinus lasix for cat congestion), and a more major problem lasix for cat (asthma, worms) ? We live out in the sticks, and a vet visit would not only be a lasix for cat special trip, but the cat absolutely hates traveling by vehicle. Finally, if we do take the cat to the vet, is it a good idea to take a stool sample along ? A: By far the most common cause of vague upper respiratory conditions in cats is infection with feline herpes virus lasix for cat -- rhinotracheitis. Just like in people, the herpes virus tends to be quiescent for some time and then flare up and cause symptomatic illness. In cats this is usually conjunctivitis or lasix for cat nasal congestion/sneezing. That said, lasix for cat there are lots of other possible causes. I am not sure that I would make a special lasix for cat trip to lasix for cat your vet if your cat seems normal lasix for cat otherwise but it would be worth keeping track lasix for cat of these lasix for cat episodes and giving your vet a good history when you do go. Allergies, asthma, sinusitis from viral, bacterial or fungal lasix for cat disease, dental problems, feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus all come readily to mind when thinking about causes of upper respiratory disease signs. Obviously, some of these are serious problems. There may be a worm that lasix for cat causes these signs but I am not aware of one, lasix for cat offhand. If your cat shows any lasix for cat sign of having more than simple upper respiratory disease (sneezing, congestion) then it would be worth considering a trip to lasix for cat your vet. lasix for cat I lasix for cat don't lasix for cat know lasix for cat of a simple way to tell what is going on - at home or at the lasix for cat vet's. I wish I did because vague clinical signs lasix for cat are the most lasix for cat frustrating ones to deal with. It can take a lot of testing just to figure out that they are lasix for cat minor problems, which frustrates the owners, but missing an lasix for cat important lasix for cat problem frustrates them even more! Mike Richards, DVM Kennel Cough - can the cat catch lasix for cat it? Q: Dear doc, my 2 yr old lab has kennel cough, lasix for cat can he give lasix for cat it to my cat? should i give him (dog) childrens cough medicine? also, my 11 yr old birman male cat was misdiagnosed w/ feline luk. 2 yrs ago. it lasix for cat turned out he had a hole lasix for cat in lasix for cat his intestine, i don't remember the technical name of the problem but ever since he lasix for cat has not been able to get back to his normal weight. I have noticed that his eyes shift back & forth from left to right too. he had a lasix for cat check lasix for cat up during x-mas & the vet said lasix for cat it may be nerve damage but I lasix for cat don't believe she was telling me everything because she lasix for cat still feels lasix for cat bad lasix for cat about the lasix for cat earlier mis-diagnoses. can you shed some light on this? Thanks A: Cats are reported to very rarely develop upper respiratory lasix for cat disease from Bordetella bronchiseptica, the major cause of lasix for cat kennel cough in dogs. I would not worry over this possibility. I can't remember actually seeing a case in which this happened. There are a lot of different cough medicines on the market. Some have ingredients that would be unnecessary and lasix for cat dosages vary widely between them. Please consult with your vet prior to using any cough medicines you already have on hand. I am at a loss to help with the disease problem that was confused with feline leukemia. The feline leukemia test kits lasix for cat do produce false positive results in rare instances and if clinical signs of a similar disease were present, I would be inclined to believe them, too, though. That is lasix for cat one of lasix for cat the problems with tests that are usually very reliable. It becomes very easy to believe they are always right. The rhythmic eye movement is probably nystagmus. This condition occurs as a congenital illness in some lasix for cat cat breeds. I am not sure that Birmans are one of those breeds but it lasix for cat wouldn't surprise me at all. I am not sure you lasix for cat can call this "normal" but it isn't unusual. Cats lasix for cat seem to do OK even though it seems like it would lasix for cat be hard to adjust to your eyes constantly moving back and forth. Mike Richards, DVM Cat index Last edited 07/16/02 Vetinfo | Catinfo | Doginfo | Canine Encyclopedia | Feline Encyclopedia | VetInfo Digest Tiercom | Links Comments or information about our website, feedback, art info, broken links, spelling errors or help finding things on the site or anything else- e-mail Michal Justis E-mail for vetinfo.com is answered by Michal Justis, who is not a veterinarian (but is a Lady). The lasix for cat entire content of the vetinfo.com website is lasix for cat and has been provided by Dr Michael Richards who lasix for cat is lasix for cat a lasix for cat veterinarian. We have discontinued the ask Dr Mike question and answer section of our website at this time. This page is authored by Dr Michael Richards, DVM and produced by TierCom, Inc. Opinions expressed are those of Dr. Richards. 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